---
title: eyewitness — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «eyewitness» in the school dictionary: An eyewitness is a person who saw something happen with their own eyes, like an accident or crime. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# eyewitness

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** eyewitness, person, eyewitness account, car, We, Eyewitnesses · **What happens:** be, see, happen, go, read, account · **To what, where:** person, something, report, red light, eyewitness account, Great Fire · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«eyewitness» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [eyewitness in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/eyewitness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An eyewitness is a person who saw something happen with their own eyes, like an accident or crime.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eyewitness:m1:1
# text = An eyewitness is a person who saw something happen with their own eyes, like an accident or crime.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	eyewitness	eyewitness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	_
9	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
12	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	like	like	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	accident	accident	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a eyewitness | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **see** | past | a person | something |  |  |  | with their own eyes; like a accident or crime | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus |
| 3 | **happen** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An eyewitness account is a report by someone who was there.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eyewitness:m2:1
# text = An eyewitness account is a report by someone who was there.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	eyewitness	eyewitness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	account	account	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	report	report	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nmod	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
10	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a eyewitness account | a report |  |  |  | by someone | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | there *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An eyewitness saw the car go through the red light.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eyewitness:x1:1
# text = An eyewitness saw the car go through the red light.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	eyewitness	eyewitness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	through	through	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | a eyewitness |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **go** | present | the car |  |  | the red light |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme through light=Initial\_Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We read an eyewitness account of the Great Fire of London.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eyewitness:x2:1
# text = We read an eyewitness account of the Great Fire of London.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	eyewitness	eyewitness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	account	account	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	Great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	Fire	Fire	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	London	London	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | We | a eyewitness account of the Great Fire of London |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent account=Topic |
| 2 | **account** |  |  | the Great Fire of London |  |  |  |  | nom account «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Eyewitnesses said the dog ran into the shop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eyewitness:x3:1
# text = Eyewitnesses said the dog ran into the shop.
1	Eyewitnesses	eyewitness	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	into	into	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Eyewitnesses |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **run** | past | the dog |  |  |  |  | into the shop *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into shop=Result |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The police asked for eyewitnesses to come forward.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eyewitness:x4:1
# text = The police asked for eyewitnesses to come forward.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	eyewitnesses	eyewitness	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
8	forward	forward	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the police |  |  |  |  | for eyewitnesses | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **come forward** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the police *not said here* |  |  |  |  | forward *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Samuel Pepys wrote as an eyewitness to the fire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eyewitness:x5:1
# text = Samuel Pepys wrote as an eyewitness to the fire.
1	Samuel	Samuel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Pepys	Pepys	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	eyewitness	eyewitness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | Samuel |  | the fire |  |  | as a eyewitness | vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V PP.recipient PP.topic»: agent=Agent to fire=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Even honest eyewitnesses can make mistakes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:eyewitness:x6:1
# text = Even honest eyewitnesses can make mistakes.
1	Even	even	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	honest	honest	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	eyewitnesses	eyewitness	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	mistakes	mistake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | can | honest eyewitnesses | mistakes |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset mistake=Product |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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