---
title: fag — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «fag» in the school dictionary: A fag is a cigarette. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# fag

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** fag, younger boy, Uncle, UK, Smoking fags, young boy · **What happens:** be, do, not use, go, wash up, damage · **To what, where:** cigarette, boring job, younger boy, old boarding schools, jobs, slur · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«fag» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [fag in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/fag.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK, slang — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fag is a cigarette.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fag:m1:1
# text = A fag is a cigarette.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fag	fag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	cigarette	cigarette	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a fag | a cigarette |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK, informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fag is a boring or tiring job: what a fag!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fag:m2:1
# text = A fag is a boring or tiring job: what a fag!
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fag	fag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	boring	boring	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	tiring	tiring	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
8	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	fag	fag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a fag | a boring job and a fag |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK, old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At some old boarding schools, a fag was a younger boy who did jobs for an older one.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fag:m3:1
# text = At some old boarding schools, a fag was a younger boy who did jobs for an older one.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
2	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	boarding	boarding	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fag	fag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	12	amod	_	_
12	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
13	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	_
15	jobs	job	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	19	amod	_	_
19	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | a fag | a younger boy |  | some old boarding schools |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **do** | past | a younger boy | jobs |  |  |  | for a older one | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Eventuality |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: offensive — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hateful slur against gay men, mostly American; never use it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fag:m4:1
# text = A hateful slur against gay men, mostly American; never use it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	hateful	hateful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	slur	slur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	against	against	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	gay	gay	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	mostly	mostly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	American	American	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	parataxis	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **use** | infinitive |  | slur |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(UK slang) Uncle Mick went outside for a fag.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fag:x1:1
# text = (UK slang) Uncle Mick went outside for a fag.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	slang	slang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Uncle	Uncle	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	Mick	Mick	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	flat	_	_
7	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	outside	outside	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	fag	fag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | Uncle | UK slang |  |  |  | for a fag; outside *property* | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for fag=Beneficiary |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There were fag ends all over the pavement.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fag:x2:1
# text = There were fag ends all over the pavement.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	4	expl	_	_
2	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	fag	fag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	ends	end	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	all	all	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	over	over	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pavement	pavement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | fag |  |  | the pavement; there |  | all, end *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(UK) Washing up after a party is such a fag.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fag:x3:1
# text = (UK) Washing up after a party is such a fag.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Washing	wash	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	csubj	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	party	party	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	such	such	DET	PDT	PronType=Ind	12	det:predet	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	fag	fag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash up** | gerund |  |  |  |  | after a party |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | present | UK | such fag |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Smoking fags damages your lungs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fag:x4:1
# text = Smoking fags damages your lungs.
1	Smoking	smoking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	fags	fag	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	damages	damage	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **damage** | present | Smoking fags | your lungs |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lung=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the old story, the young boy had to be a fag for the prefects.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fag:x5:1
# text = In the old story, the young boy had to be a fag for the prefects.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
11	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	cop	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	fag	fag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	prefects	prefect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the young boy |  |  | the old story |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | a fag |  |  |  | for the prefects | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Calling someone a hateful name is bullying; tell a teacher.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fag:x6:1
# text = Calling someone a hateful name is bullying; tell a teacher.
1	Calling	call	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	csubj	_	_
2	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	hateful	hateful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	bullying	bully	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	parataxis	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | gerund |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme name=Result |
| 2 | **bully** | present · progressive | Calling |  |  |  |  |  | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | infinitive |  |  | a teacher |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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