---
title: farthingale — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «farthingale» in the school dictionary: A farthingale was a frame or hoop worn under a long skirt to make it stand out, worn by ladies long ago. (old use). Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# farthingale

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**Who acts:** farthingale, skirt · **What happens:** be, wear, make, stand out, dress · **To what, where:** frame, long skirt, farthingale, She, ruff, skirt

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«farthingale» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 2 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [farthingale in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/farthingale.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A farthingale was a frame or hoop worn under a long skirt to make it stand out, worn by ladies long ago. (old use).

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* A farthingale was a frame or hoop worn under a long skirt to make it stand out, worn by ladies long ago.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:farthingale:m1:1
# text = A farthingale was a frame or hoop worn under a long skirt to make it stand out, worn by ladies long ago.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farthingale	farthingale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	frame	frame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	hoop	hoop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
9	under	under	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	skirt	skirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
17	out	out	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	worn	wear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
20	by	by	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	ladies	lady	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	obl	_	_
22	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	23	advmod	_	_
23	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | a farthingale | a frame or hoop |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **wear** | participle |  | a frame or hoop *not said here* |  | a long skirt |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | farthingale |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **stand out** | infinitive | farthingale *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **wear** | participle | a farthingale *not said here* |  |  |  |  | by ladies; ago *property* | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V PP-Conative»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* (old use).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:farthingale:m1:2
# text = (old use).
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	use	use	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was dressed in a ruff and a farthingale.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:farthingale:x1:1
# text = She was dressed in a ruff and a farthingale.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	dressed	dress	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ruff	ruff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	farthingale	farthingale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dress** | past · passive |  | She |  | a ruff and a farthingale |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farthingale made her skirt stand out wide.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:farthingale:x2:1
# text = The farthingale made her skirt stand out wide.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farthingale	farthingale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	skirt	skirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	wide	wide	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the farthingale | farthingale's skirt |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **stand out** | infinitive | farthingale's skirt *not said here* |  |  |  |  | wide *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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