---
title: fastened — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «fastened» in the school dictionary: Fastened means closed or joined firmly, like a seatbelt or a button that is done up. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# fastened

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** your, you, She, He, seatbelt, I · **What happens:** fasten, mean, close, join, do up, fix · **To what, where:** button, picture, attention, seatbelt, coat, helmet · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«fastened» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [fastened in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/fastened.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fastened means closed or joined firmly, like a seatbelt or a button that is done up.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fastened:m1:1
# text = Fastened means closed or joined firmly, like a seatbelt or a button that is done up.
1	Fastened	fasten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	joined	join	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	conj	_	_
6	firmly	firmly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	seatbelt	seatbelt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	button	button	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	acl:relcl	_	_
17	up	up	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fasten** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **close** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **join** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | like a seatbelt or a button; firmly *property* | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **do up** | present · passive |  | a button |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fastened means fixed firmly to something, like a picture fastened to a wall.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fastened:m2:1
# text = Fastened means fixed firmly to something, like a picture fastened to a wall.
1	Fastened	fasten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	firmly	firmly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
11	fastened	fasten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fasten** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **fix** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | to something; firmly *property* | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent to something=Co-Patient |
| 4 | **fasten** | participle |  | a picture *not said here* |  |  |  | to a wall | vn tape-22.4 «NP V ADV-Middle PP»: agent=Patient to wall=Co-Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Fastened on» can mean fixed your attention or eyes on something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fastened:m3:1
# text = «Fastened on» can mean fixed your attention or eyes on something.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Fastened	fasten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	csubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	ccomp	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	attention	attention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fasten on** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **fix** | participle |  | your attention or eyes on something |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent attention=Patient |
| 4 | **attend** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom attention «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Make sure your seatbelt is fastened.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fastened:x1:1
# text = Make sure your seatbelt is fastened.
1	Make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	sure	sure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	seatbelt	seatbelt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	fastened	fasten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sure *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **fasten** | present · passive |  | your seatbelt |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She fastened her coat and went out.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fastened:x2:1
# text = She fastened her coat and went out.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fastened	fasten	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fasten** | past | She | her coat |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coat=Patient |
| 2 | **go out** | past | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He fastened his helmet before riding.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fastened:x3:1
# text = He fastened his helmet before riding.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fastened	fasten	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	helmet	helmet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	riding	ride	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fasten** | past | He | his helmet |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent helmet=Patient |
| 2 | **ride** | gerund | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The gate was fastened with a chain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fastened:x4:1
# text = The gate was fastened with a chain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	fastened	fasten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	chain	chain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fasten** | past · passive |  | the gate |  |  |  | with a chain | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Patient with chain=Co-Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The poster was fastened to the wall with tape.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fastened:x5:1
# text = The poster was fastened to the wall with tape.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	poster	poster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	fastened	fasten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	tape	tape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fasten** | past · passive |  | the poster |  |  |  | to the wall with tape | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: subject=Patient to wall=Co-Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep your seatbelt fastened while seated.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fastened:x6:1
# text = Keep your seatbelt fastened while seated.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	seatbelt	seatbelt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	fastened	fasten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	xcomp	_	_
5	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	seated	seat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | your seatbelt |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **fasten** | participle | your seatbelt *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **seat** | participle | your seatbelt *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I fastened the buttons on my cardigan.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fastened:x7:1
# text = I fastened the buttons on my cardigan.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fastened	fasten	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	buttons	button	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	cardigan	cardigan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fasten** | past | I | the buttons |  |  |  | on my cardigan | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent button=Patient on cardigan=Co-Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His eyes were fastened on the cake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fastened:x8:1
# text = His eyes were fastened on the cake.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	fastened	fasten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fasten** | past · passive |  | His eyes |  |  |  | on the cake | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: subject=Patient on cake=Co-Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
On each stake he fastened a duck to roast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fastened:x9:1
# text = On each stake he fastened a duck to roast.
1	On	on	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
3	stake	stake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	fastened	fasten	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	duck	duck	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	roast	roast	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fasten** | past | he | a duck |  |  |  | on each stake | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP PP.co-patient»: agent=Agent duck=Patient on stake=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **roast** | to-infinitive | he *not said here* | a duck *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn cooking-45.3 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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