---
title: fastening — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «fastening» in the school dictionary: A thing used to close or join something, such as a button, zip, buckle, clip or Velcro. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# fastening

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** act, coat, Velcro, fastening, you, She · **What happens:** use, close, join, fix, have, be · **To what, where:** thing, something, zip fastening, easy fastening, fastening, sandals

<!-- .vabout -->
«fastening» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [fastening in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/fastening.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A thing used to close or join something, such as a button, zip, buckle, clip or Velcro.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fastening:m1:1
# text = A thing used to close or join something, such as a button, zip, buckle, clip or Velcro.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	close	close	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	join	join	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	13	case	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	fixed	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	button	button	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	zip	zip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	buckle	buckle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	clip	clip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	parataxis	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	Velcro	Velcro	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | a thing *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **close** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **join** | infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The act of fixing or closing something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fastening:m2:1
# text = The act of fixing or closing something.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	fixing	fix	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	closing	close	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	conj	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fix** | gerund | the act *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **close** | gerund | the act *not said here* | something |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This coat has a zip fastening.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fastening:x1:1
# text = This coat has a zip fastening.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	zip	zip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	fastening	fastening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | this coat | a zip fastening |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fastening=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Velcro is an easy fastening for small children.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fastening:x2:1
# text = Velcro is an easy fastening for small children.
1	Velcro	velcro	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	easy	easy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	fastening	fastening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Velcro | a easy fastening |  |  |  | for small children | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bag's fastening broke.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fastening:x3:1
# text = The bag's fastening broke.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	fastening	fastening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | past | the bag's fastening |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Choose a fastening for your pencil case.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fastening:x4:1
# text = Choose a fastening for your pencil case.
1	Choose	choose	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	fastening	fastening	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	pencil	pencil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **choose** | imperative | you *not said here* | a fastening |  |  |  | for your pencil case | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent fastening=Theme for case=Beneficiary |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was fastening her sandals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fastening:x5:1
# text = She was fastening her sandals.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	fastening	fasten	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	sandals	sandal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fasten** | past · progressive | She | her sandals |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sandal=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Buttons and poppers are common fastenings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fastening:x6:1
# text = Buttons and poppers are common fastenings.
1	Buttons	button	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	poppers	popper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	fastenings	fastening	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Buttons and poppers | common fastenings |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
So, fastening the sword to his belt, he carried it to the king.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fastening:x7:1
# text = So, fastening the sword to his belt, he carried it to the king.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	fastening	fasten	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	belt	belt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fasten** | gerund | he *not said here* | the sword |  |  |  | to his belt | vn shake-22.3-2-1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent sword=Patient to belt=Co-Patient |
| 2 | **carry** | past | he | sword | the king |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme to king=Destination |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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