---
title: faulty — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «faulty» in the school dictionary: Faulty means not working properly because something is wrong with it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# faulty

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Faulty, something, reasoning, lamp, you, plug · **What happens:** mean, not work, be, describe, have, not use · **To what, where:** thinking, mistake, faulty switch, faulty plug, shock, faulty toy · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«faulty» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [faulty in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/faulty.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Faulty means not working properly because something is wrong with it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:faulty:m1:1
# text = Faulty means not working properly because something is wrong with it.
1	Faulty	faulty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	working	work	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
5	properly	properly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Faulty |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **work** *not said to happen* | gerund | Faulty *not said here* |  |  |  |  | properly *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | something |  |  |  |  | with it; wrong *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Faulty can describe thinking or reasoning that has a mistake in it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:faulty:m2:1
# text = Faulty can describe thinking or reasoning that has a mistake in it.
1	Faulty	faulty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	describe	describe	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	thinking	thinking	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	reasoning	reasoning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	mistake	mistake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | can |  | thinking or reasoning |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent thinking=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | present | reasoning | a mistake |  | mistake |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mistake=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lamp has a faulty switch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:faulty:x1:1
# text = The lamp has a faulty switch.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	faulty	faulty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	switch	switch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the lamp | a faulty switch |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent switch=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't use that faulty plug; it could give a shock.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:faulty:x2:1
# text = Don't use that faulty plug; it could give a shock.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	use	use	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
5	faulty	faulty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	plug	plug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	shock	shock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **use** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | that faulty plug |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plug=Patient |
| 2 | **give** | could | plug | a shock |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shock=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We took the faulty toy back to the shop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:faulty:x3:1
# text = We took the faulty toy back to the shop.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	faulty	faulty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	back	back	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | We | the faulty toy |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toy=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fire was caused by faulty wiring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:faulty:x4:1
# text = The fire was caused by faulty wiring.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	faulty	faulty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	wiring	wiring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past · passive | faulty wiring | the fire |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His argument was faulty because he left out a step.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:faulty:x5:1
# text = His argument was faulty because he left out a step.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	argument	argument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	faulty	faulty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	left	leave	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
8	out	out	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	step	step	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | His argument |  |  |  |  | faulty *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **leave out** | past | he | a step |  |  |  |  | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **argue** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom argument «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The car's brakes were faulty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:faulty:x6:1
# text = The car's brakes were faulty.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	brakes	brake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	faulty	faulty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the car's brakes |  |  |  |  | faulty *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tell an adult if something electrical looks faulty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:faulty:x7:1
# text = Tell an adult if something electrical looks faulty.
1	Tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nsubj	_	_
6	electrical	electrical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
7	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
8	faulty	faulty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | a adult |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient |
| 2 | **look** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | something |  |  |  |  | faulty *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“What is there faulty in it?” Flahri asked.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* “What is there faulty in it?”

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:faulty:x8:1
# text = “What is there faulty in it?”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
5	faulty	faulty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** *in a quote* | present |  |  |  | it; there |  | faulty *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* Flahri asked.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:faulty:x8:2
# text = Flahri asked.
1	Flahri	Flahri	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | Flahri |  |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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