---
title: fauna — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «fauna» in the school dictionary: All the animals living in one place or at one time. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# fauna

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** animals, Fauna, rainforest, We, you, Pollution · **What happens:** live, use, be, include, have, study · **To what, where:** one place, name, kangaroos, amazing flora, fauna, local fauna

<!-- .vabout -->
«fauna» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [fauna in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/fauna.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All the animals living in one place or at one time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fauna:m1:1
# text = All the animals living in one place or at one time.
1	All	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	3	det:predet	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	acl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	11	nummod	_	_
11	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | gerund | all animals *not said here* |  |  | one place or one time |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in place=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Used with «flora» (plants): «flora and fauna» = plants and animals.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fauna:m2:1
# text = Used with «flora» (plants): «flora and fauna» = plants and animals.
1	Used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	flora	flora	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	flora	flora	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	fauna	fauna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
15	=	=	SYM	SYM	_	16	punct	_	_
16	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with flora and plants and flora and fauna and plants and animals | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fauna is also the name of a goddess in ancient Roman stories, the wife of Faunus.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fauna:m3:1
# text = Fauna is also the name of a goddess in ancient Roman stories, the wife of Faunus.
1	Fauna	fauna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	goddess	goddess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
11	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Faunus	Faunus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Fauna | the name and the wife of Faunus |  |  |  | of a goddess in ancient Roman stories | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Australia's fauna includes kangaroos and platypuses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fauna:x1:1
# text = Australia's fauna includes kangaroos and platypuses.
1	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	fauna	fauna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	includes	include	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	kangaroos	kangaroo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	platypuses	platypus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **include** | present | Australia's fauna | kangaroos and platypuses |  |  |  |  | vn involve-107.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kangaroo=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rainforest has amazing flora and fauna.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fauna:x2:1
# text = The rainforest has amazing flora and fauna.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rainforest	rainforest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	amazing	amazing	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	flora	flora	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	fauna	fauna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the rainforest | amazing flora and fauna |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flora=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We studied the fauna of the rock pool.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fauna:x3:1
# text = We studied the fauna of the rock pool.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	studied	study	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	fauna	fauna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	pool	pool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | past | We | the fauna of the rock pool |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fauna=Topic |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please do not disturb the local fauna.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fauna:x4:1
# text = Please do not disturb the local fauna.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	disturb	disturb	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	fauna	fauna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **disturb** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | the local fauna |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus fauna=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The island's fauna is unique.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fauna:x5:1
# text = The island's fauna is unique.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	island	island	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	fauna	fauna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	unique	unique	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the island's fauna |  |  |  |  | unique *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pollution harms the river's fauna.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fauna:x6:1
# text = Pollution harms the river's fauna.
1	Pollution	pollution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	harms	harm	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	fauna	fauna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **harm** | present | Pollution | the river's fauna |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus fauna=Experiencer |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fauna was the wife of Faunus, and participated in his functions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fauna:x7:1
# text = Fauna was the wife of Faunus, and participated in his functions.
1	Fauna	fauna	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	wife	wife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Faunus	Faunus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	participated	participate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	functions	function	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Fauna | the wife |  |  |  | of Faunus | tree rules |
| 2 | **participate** | participle |  | the wife *not said here* |  |  |  | in Faunus's functions | vn cooperate-73.1-2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in function=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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