---
title: favouritism — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «favouritism» in the school dictionary: Favouritism is unfairly treating one person or group better than others, for example a teacher always choosing the same pupil or a parent giving one child more. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# favouritism

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Favouritism, teacher, parent, good teacher, Mum, people · **What happens:** be, treat, choose, give, accuse, make · **To what, where:** one person, same pupil, more, one child, coach, brothers · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«favouritism» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [favouritism in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/favouritism.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Favouritism is unfairly treating one person or group better than others, for example a teacher always choosing the same pupil or a parent giving one child more.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:favouritism:m1:1
# text = Favouritism is unfairly treating one person or group better than others, for example a teacher always choosing the same pupil or a parent giving one child more.
1	Favouritism	favouritism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	unfairly	unfairly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	treating	treat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	_
10	than	than	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
17	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	18	advmod	_	_
18	choosing	choose	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	14	acl:relcl	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obj	_	_
22	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	parent	parent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
25	giving	give	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	24	acl	_	_
26	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	27	nummod	_	_
27	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	25	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Favouritism |  |  |  |  | unfairly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **treat** | gerund | Favouritism *not said here* |  | one person or group |  |  | for example | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent person=Recipient |
| 3 | **choose** | gerund | a teacher | the same pupil or a parent |  |  |  | always *property* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pupil=Theme |
| 4 | **give** | gerund | a parent *not said here* | more | one child |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent child=Recipient more=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The coach was accused of favouritism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:favouritism:x1:1
# text = The coach was accused of favouritism.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	coach	coach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	accused	accuse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	favouritism	favouritism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accuse** | past · passive |  | the coach |  |  |  | of favouritism | vn suspect-81 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme of favouritism=Attribute |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Jacob's favouritism towards Joseph made his brothers jealous.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:favouritism:x2:1
# text = Jacob's favouritism towards Joseph made his brothers jealous.
1	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	favouritism	favouritism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	towards	towards	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Joseph	Joseph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	brothers	brother	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	jealous	jealous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Jacob's favouritism towards Joseph | favouritism's brothers |  |  |  | jealous *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset brother=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A good teacher avoids favouritism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:favouritism:x3:1
# text = A good teacher avoids favouritism.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	avoids	avoid	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	favouritism	favouritism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **avoid** | present | a good teacher | favouritism |  |  |  |  | vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent favouritism=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum says there is no favouritism in our house.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:favouritism:x4:1
# text = Mum says there is no favouritism in our house.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	4	expl	_	_
4	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
5	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	6	det	_	_
6	favouritism	favouritism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | Mum |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **be** | present | no favouritism in our house |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Favouritism can make people feel left out.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:favouritism:x5:1
# text = Favouritism can make people feel left out.
1	Favouritism	favouritism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	xcomp	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | can | Favouritism | people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **feel** | infinitive | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-2 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **leave out** | participle | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn neglect-75.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The other workers complained about favouritism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:favouritism:x6:1
# text = The other workers complained about favouritism.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	workers	worker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	complained	complain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	favouritism	favouritism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **complain** *speech: other* | past | the other workers |  |  |  |  | about favouritism | vn complain-37.8 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about favouritism=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Picking teams by drawing names stops favouritism.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:favouritism:x7:1
# text = Picking teams by drawing names stops favouritism.
1	Picking	pick	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	teams	team	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	drawing	draw	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
5	names	name	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	stops	stop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	favouritism	favouritism	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pick** | gerund |  | teams |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent team=Patient |
| 2 | **draw** | gerund |  | names |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent name=Theme |
| 3 | **stop** | present | Picking | favouritism |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality favouritism=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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