---
title: fermentation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «fermentation» in the school dictionary: Fermentation is a natural change in which tiny living things like yeast or bacteria break down sugars, often making gas, acid or alcohol. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# fermentation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Fermentation, tiny living things, It, Yeast fermentation, We, milk · **What happens:** be, break down, make, mean, rise, watch · **To what, where:** natural change, sugars, gas, yoghurt, wine, excitement

<!-- .vabout -->
«fermentation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [fermentation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/fermentation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fermentation is a natural change in which tiny living things like yeast or bacteria break down sugars, often making gas, acid or alcohol.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fermentation:m1:1
# text = Fermentation is a natural change in which tiny living things like yeast or bacteria break down sugars, often making gas, acid or alcohol.
1	Fermentation	fermentation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	natural	natural	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	obl	_	_
8	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
9	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	yeast	yeast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	bacteria	bacterium	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
15	break	break	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
16	down	down	ADP	RP	_	15	compound:prt	_	_
17	sugars	sugar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	often	often	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
20	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	15	advcl	_	_
21	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	acid	acid	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	appos	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	alcohol	alcohol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Fermentation | a natural change |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **break down** | present | tiny living things like yeast or bacteria | sugars |  | a natural change |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sugar=Patient |
| 3 | **make** | gerund | tiny living things like yeast or bacteria *not said here* | gas or alcohol |  |  |  | often *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset gas=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is how bread rises, how yoghurt, cheese, sauerkraut and kimchi are made, and how wine and beer are made.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fermentation:m2:1
# text = It is how bread rises, how yoghurt, cheese, sauerkraut and kimchi are made, and how wine and beer are made.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
4	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	rises	rise	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
7	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	16	advmod	_	_
8	yoghurt	yoghurt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	cheese	cheese	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	sauerkraut	sauerkraut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	kimchi	kimchi	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
15	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
19	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	24	advmod	_	_
20	wine	wine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	beer	beer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	conj	_	_
23	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  |  |  | rise *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present · passive |  | yoghurt and cheese and sauerkraut and kimchi |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 3 | **make** | present · passive |  | wine and beer |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: figurative, formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fermentation can mean excitement or unrest among people.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fermentation:m3:1
# text = Fermentation can mean excitement or unrest among people.
1	Fermentation	fermentation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	excitement	excitement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	unrest	unrest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	among	among	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Fermentation | excitement or unrest |  |  |  | among people | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent excitement=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yeast fermentation makes bread dough rise.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fermentation:x1:1
# text = Yeast fermentation makes bread dough rise.
1	Yeast	yeast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	fermentation	fermentation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	dough	dough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	rise	rise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Yeast fermentation |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **rise** | infinitive | Yeast fermentation *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We watched fermentation blow up a balloon on a bottle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fermentation:x2:1
# text = We watched fermentation blow up a balloon on a bottle.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	watched	watch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	fermentation	fermentation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	blow	blow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	balloon	balloon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	bottle	bottle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **blow up** | infinitive | We *not said here* | a balloon |  | a bottle |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent balloon=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Yoghurt is made by fermentation of milk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fermentation:x3:1
# text = Yoghurt is made by fermentation of milk.
1	Yoghurt	yoghurt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	fermentation	fermentation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	milk	milk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive | fermentation of milk | Yoghurt |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset subject=Product |
| 2 | **ferment** |  | milk |  |  |  |  |  | nom fermentation «state intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Kimchi is a fermented cabbage dish from Korea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fermentation:x4:1
# text = Kimchi is a fermented cabbage dish from Korea.
1	Kimchi	kimchi	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	fermented	ferment	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	amod	_	_
5	cabbage	cabbage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	dish	dish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Korea	Korea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ferment** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Kimchi | a fermented cabbage dish |  | Korea |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fermentation gives off carbon dioxide gas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fermentation:x5:1
# text = Fermentation gives off carbon dioxide gas.
1	Fermentation	fermentation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	off	off	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give off** | present | Fermentation | dioxide gas |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source gas=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Warmth speeds up fermentation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fermentation:x6:1
# text = Warmth speeds up fermentation.
1	Warmth	warmth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	speeds	speed	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	fermentation	fermentation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speed up** | present | Warmth | fermentation |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fermentation=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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