---
title: fertilisation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «fertilisation» in the school dictionary: Fertilisation is when a male cell and a female cell join to start a new living thing, such as pollen joining an egg cell in a flower to make a seed. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# fertilisation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Fertilisation, pollen, plants, ovule, you, much fertilisation · **What happens:** be, start, join, make, put, help · **To what, where:** new living thing, egg cell, flower, seed, fertiliser, soil

<!-- .vabout -->
«fertilisation» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [fertilisation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/fertilisation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fertilisation is when a male cell and a female cell join to start a new living thing, such as pollen joining an egg cell in a flower to make a seed.

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fertilisation:m1:1
# text = Fertilisation is when a male cell and a female cell join to start a new living thing, such as pollen joining an egg cell in a flower to make a seed.
1	Fertilisation	fertilisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
3	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	11	mark	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	male	male	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	cell	cell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	female	female	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	cell	cell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
11	join	join	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
15	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
16	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	21	case	_	_
20	as	as	ADP	IN	_	19	fixed	_	_
21	pollen	pollen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	appos	_	_
22	joining	join	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	21	acl	_	_
23	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
24	egg	egg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	compound	_	_
25	cell	cell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
29	to	to	PART	TO	_	30	mark	_	_
30	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	advcl	_	_
31	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	seed	seed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Fertilisation |  |  |  |  | join *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **start** | to-infinitive | Fertilisation *not said here* | a new living thing |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Eventuality |
| 3 | **join** | gerund | pollen *not said here* | a egg cell |  | a flower |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cell=Patient |
| 4 | **make** | to-infinitive | pollen *not said here* | a seed |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset seed=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fertilisation is also putting fertiliser on soil to help plants grow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fertilisation:m2:1
# text = Fertilisation is also putting fertiliser on soil to help plants grow.
1	Fertilisation	fertilisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	putting	put	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	fertiliser	fertiliser	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
10	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | present · progressive | Fertilisation | fertiliser |  | soil |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent fertiliser=Theme on soil=Destination |
| 2 | **help** | to-infinitive | Fertilisation *not said here* | plants |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent plant=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **grow** | infinitive | plants *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After pollination, fertilisation happens inside the flower.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fertilisation:x1:1
# text = After pollination, fertilisation happens inside the flower.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	pollination	pollination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	fertilisation	fertilisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present | fertilisation |  |  | the flower | after pollination |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme inside flower=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fertilisation makes the flower's ovule grow into a seed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fertilisation:x2:1
# text = Fertilisation makes the flower's ovule grow into a seed.
1	Fertilisation	fertilisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	ovule	ovule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	xcomp	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	seed	seed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Fertilisation | the flower's ovule |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | present | the flower's ovule *not said here* |  |  |  |  | into a seed *result* | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient into seed=Result |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In frogs, fertilisation happens in the water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fertilisation:x3:1
# text = In frogs, fertilisation happens in the water.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	fertilisation	fertilisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present | fertilisation |  |  | the water |  | in frogs | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in frog=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Draw the life cycle: germination, growth, pollination, fertilisation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fertilisation:x4:1
# text = Draw the life cycle: germination, growth, pollination, fertilisation.
1	Draw	draw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	cycle	cycle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
6	germination	germination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	growth	growth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	pollination	pollination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	fertilisation	fertilisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | imperative | you *not said here* | the life cycle |  |  |  | germination and growth and pollination and fertilisation *obl* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cycle=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Too much fertilisation of fields can pollute rivers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fertilisation:x5:1
# text = Too much fertilisation of fields can pollute rivers.
1	Too	too	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	fertilisation	fertilisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	pollute	pollute	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pollute** | can | much fertilisation of fields | rivers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bees help with pollination, which leads to fertilisation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fertilisation:x6:1
# text = Bees help with pollination, which leads to fertilisation.
1	Bees	bee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	pollination	pollination	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	leads	lead	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	fertilisation	fertilisation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Bees |  |  |  |  | with pollination | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with pollination=Theme |
| 2 | **lead** | present | pollination |  |  |  |  | to fertilisation | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to fertilisation=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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