---
title: fertility — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «fertility» in the school dictionary: Fertility is how well soil or land can grow plants and crops. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# fertility

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Fertility, Nile floods, Farmers, Volcanic soil, zoo, couples · **What happens:** be, have, mean, bring, add, improve · **To what, where:** ability, babies, fertility, fields, compost, soil fertility

<!-- .vabout -->
«fertility» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [fertility in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/fertility.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fertility is how well soil or land can grow plants and crops.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fertility:m1:1
# text = Fertility is how well soil or land can grow plants and crops.
1	Fertility	fertility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
4	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	9	advmod	_	_
5	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
10	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	crops	crop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | can · present | Fertility |  |  |  |  | grow, well *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fertility is a living thing's ability to have babies or young.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fertility:m2:1
# text = Fertility is a living thing's ability to have babies or young.
1	Fertility	fertility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	ability	ability	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	acl	_	_
10	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Fertility | a living thing's ability |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **have** | to-infinitive |  | babies |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fertility of mind means being full of ideas.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fertility:m3:1
# text = Fertility of mind means being full of ideas.
1	Fertility	fertility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	cop	_	_
6	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Fertility of mind |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** *not said to happen* | gerund | Fertility of mind *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of ideas; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Nile floods brought fertility to the fields.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fertility:x1:1
# text = The Nile floods brought fertility to the fields.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Nile	Nile	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	floods	flood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	fertility	fertility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fields	field	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | past | the Nile floods | fertility |  | the fields |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent fertility=Theme to field=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Farmers add compost to improve soil fertility.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fertility:x2:1
# text = Farmers add compost to improve soil fertility.
1	Farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	add	add	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	compost	compost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	improve	improve	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	fertility	fertility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **add** *speech: assert* | present | Farmers | compost |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent compost=Patient |
| 2 | **improve** | to-infinitive | Farmers *not said here* | soil fertility |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent fertility=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Volcanic soil is famous for its fertility.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fertility:x3:1
# text = Volcanic soil is famous for its fertility.
1	Volcanic	volcanic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	fertility	fertility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Volcanic soil |  |  |  |  | for soil's fertility; famous *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The zoo studies the fertility of its rare tigers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fertility:x4:1
# text = The zoo studies the fertility of its rare tigers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	zoo	zoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	studies	study	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	fertility	fertility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	rare	rare	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	tigers	tiger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | present | the zoo | the fertility of zoo's rare tigers |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fertility=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some couples have help from fertility doctors to have a baby.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fertility:x5:1
# text = Some couples have help from fertility doctors to have a baby.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	couples	couple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	fertility	fertility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	doctors	doctor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | some couples | help |  | fertility doctors |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent help=Patient |
| 2 | **have** | to-infinitive | some couples *not said here* | a baby |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ancient people prayed to gods for the fertility of their crops.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fertility:x6:1
# text = Ancient people prayed to gods for the fertility of their crops.
1	Ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	prayed	pray	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fertility	fertility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	crops	crop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pray** | past | Ancient people |  |  |  |  | to gods; for the fertility of people's crops | vn long-32.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Pivot for fertility=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Sphinx was an ancient Egyptian divinity, who personified wisdom, and the fertility of nature.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fertility:x7:1
# text = The Sphinx was an ancient Egyptian divinity, who personified wisdom, and the fertility of nature.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Sphinx	Sphinx	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	Egyptian	Egyptian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	divinity	divinity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	personified	personify	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
11	wisdom	wisdom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	fertility	fertility	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the Sphinx | a ancient Egyptian divinity and the fertility of nature |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **personify** | past | a ancient Egyptian divinity and the fertility of nature | wisdom |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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