---
title: filament — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «filament» in the school dictionary: A filament is a very thin thread or wire. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# filament

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** filament, thin wire, electricity, bulb, stamen, Spiders · **What happens:** be, glow, pass, use, break, stop · **To what, where:** thin thread, thin wire, style light bulb, filament, plastic thread, 3D printers

<!-- .vabout -->
«filament» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [filament in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/filament.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A filament is a very thin thread or wire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:filament:m1:1
# text = A filament is a very thin thread or wire.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	filament	filament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	thread	thread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	wire	wire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a filament | a thin thread or wire |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In an old-style light bulb, the filament is the thin wire that glows when electricity passes through it.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:filament:m2:1
# text = In an old-style light bulb, the filament is the thin wire that glows when electricity passes through it.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
3	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	style	style	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
6	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	bulb	bulb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	filament	filament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	wire	wire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
15	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
16	glows	glow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
17	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
18	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
19	passes	pass	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	advcl	_	_
20	through	through	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the filament | the thin wire |  | a style light bulb |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **glow** | present | the thin wire |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **pass** | present | electricity |  |  | filament |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through it=Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A thin thread in living things, such as in fungi, plants or a flower's stamen.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:filament:m3:1
# text = A thin thread in living things, such as in fungi, plants or a flower's stamen.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	thread	thread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	11	case	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
11	fungi	fungus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	's	's	PART	POS	_	16	case	_	_
18	stamen	stamen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The plastic thread used in 3D printers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:filament:m4:1
# text = The plastic thread used in 3D printers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	plastic	plastic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	thread	thread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	3D	3d	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	printers	printer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  | the plastic thread *not said here* |  | 3D printers |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The filament in the bulb glowed bright orange.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:filament:x1:1
# text = The filament in the bulb glowed bright orange.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	filament	filament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bulb	bulb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	glowed	glow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	orange	orange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **glow** | past | the filament in the bulb |  |  |  |  | orange *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When the filament breaks, the bulb stops working.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:filament:x2:1
# text = When the filament breaks, the bulb stops working.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	filament	filament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	breaks	break	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bulb	bulb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	stops	stop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	working	work	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | present | the filament |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **stop** | present | the bulb |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **work** | gerund | the bulb *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The stamen of a flower has a filament and an anther.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:filament:x3:1
# text = The stamen of a flower has a filament and an anther.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	stamen	stamen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	filament	filament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	anther	anther	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the stamen of a flower | a filament and a anther |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent filament=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Spiders spin silk filaments.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:filament:x4:1
# text = Spiders spin silk filaments.
1	Spiders	spider	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spin	spin	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	silk	silk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	filaments	filament	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spin** | present | Spiders | silk filaments |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent filament=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our 3D printer uses plastic filament.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:filament:x5:1
# text = Our 3D printer uses plastic filament.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	3D	3d	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	printer	printer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	plastic	plastic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	filament	filament	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Our 3D printer | plastic filament |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent filament=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fungi grow tiny filaments under the ground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:filament:x6:1
# text = Fungi grow tiny filaments under the ground.
1	Fungi	fungus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	filaments	filament	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	under	under	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Fungi | tiny filaments |  | the ground |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location filament=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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