---
title: file — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «file» in the school dictionary: A file is a set of information kept together on a computer, like a picture or a document. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# file

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** file, folder, metal tool, Dave, He, many more files · **What happens:** be, keep together, keep, make, file, smooth · **To what, where:** set, information, computer, folder, papers, order

<!-- .vabout -->
«file» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [file in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/file.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A file is a set of information kept together on a computer, like a picture or a document.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:file:m1:1
# text = A file is a set of information kept together on a computer, like a picture or a document.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	file	file	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	set	set	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	information	information	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	_
9	together	together	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	document	document	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a file | a set and a picture or a document |  |  |  | of information | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep together** | participle |  | information *not said here* |  | a computer |  | together *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent on computer=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A file is a folder or box for keeping papers in order.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:file:m2:1
# text = A file is a folder or box for keeping papers in order.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	file	file	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	folder	folder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	acl	_	_
10	papers	paper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a file | a folder or box |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | gerund | a folder or box *not said here* | papers |  | order |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent paper=Theme in order=Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A file is a metal tool for making things smooth: a nail file.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:file:m3:1
# text = A file is a metal tool for making things smooth: a nail file.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	file	file	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	tool	tool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	acl	_	_
9	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
10	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	nail	nail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	file	file	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a file | a metal tool and a nail file |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | gerund | a metal tool and a nail file *not said here* | things |  |  |  | smooth *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset thing=Product |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To file is to put papers away in order, or to smooth with a file.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:file:m4:1
# text = To file is to put papers away in order, or to smooth with a file.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	file	file	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	papers	paper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	away	away	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	smooth	smooth	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	file	file	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **file** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-3 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | order |  | away, put *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **smooth** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with a file | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent with file=Instrument |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In single file means in a line, one behind another.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:file:m5:1
# text = In single file means in a line, one behind another.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	file	file	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	appos	_	_
10	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | in a line; in single file | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in file=Attribute |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dave had 24 files on his phone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:file:x1:1
# text = Dave had 24 files on his phone.
1	Dave	Dave	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	24	24	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	files	file	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	phone	phone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Dave | 24 files |  | Dave's phone |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent file=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He deleted 9 files.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:file:x2:1
# text = He deleted 9 files.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	deleted	delete	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	files	file	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **delete** | past | He | 9 files |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent file=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He has 15 apps and 9 files left.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:file:x3:1
# text = He has 15 apps and 9 files left.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	15	15	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	apps	app	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	files	file	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
8	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | He | 15 apps and 9 files |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent app=Patient |
| 2 | **leave** | participle |  | 15 apps and 9 files *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many more files than apps did he delete?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:file:x4:1
# text = How many more files than apps did he delete?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	files	file	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
5	than	than	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	apps	app	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
7	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	delete	delete	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **delete** | past · do-support | many more files than apps |  |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Save the file before you close it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:file:x5:1
# text = Save the file before you close it.
1	Save	save	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	file	file	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	close	close	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **save** | imperative | you *not said here* | the file |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent file=Theme |
| 2 | **close** | present | you | file |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher keeps our work in a file.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:file:x6:1
# text = The teacher keeps our work in a file.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	file	file	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present | the teacher | our work |  | a file |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent work=Theme in file=Location |
| 2 | **work** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Walk in single file along the narrow path.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:file:x7:1
# text = Walk in single file along the narrow path.
1	Walk	walk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	single	single	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	file	file	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	along	along	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	narrow	narrow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | single file |  | along the narrow path | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in file=Trajectory |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum used a nail file to smooth her nail.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:file:x8:1
# text = Mum used a nail file to smooth her nail.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	nail	nail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	file	file	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	smooth	smooth	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	nail	nail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | Mum | a nail file |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent file=Patient |
| 2 | **smooth** | to-infinitive | Mum *not said here* | Mum's nail |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent nail=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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