---
title: film — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «film» in the school dictionary: A film is a movie, a story shown with moving pictures. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# film

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** film, They, We, our, you, Little little film · **What happens:** be, show, move, film, use, last · **To what, where:** movie, story, pictures, thin layer, oil, roll

<!-- .vabout -->
«film» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [film in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/film.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A film is a movie, a story shown with moving pictures.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:film:m1:1
# text = A film is a movie, a story shown with moving pictures.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	movie	movie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
9	shown	show	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	12	amod	_	_
12	pictures	picture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a film | a movie |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | participle |  | a story *not said here* |  |  |  | with moving pictures | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **move** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To film is to record moving pictures with a camera.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:film:m2:1
# text = To film is to record moving pictures with a camera.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	advcl	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	record	record	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	_
7	pictures	picture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | record *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **move** | gerund |  | pictures |  |  |  | with a camera | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent picture=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Film is a thin layer, like plastic film or a film of oil.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:film:m3:1
# text = Film is a thin layer, like plastic film or a film of oil.
1	Film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	plastic	plastic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Film | a thin layer and plastic film or a film of oil |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **film** |  |  | oil |  |  |  |  | nom film «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Film is also the roll that old cameras used for photos.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:film:m4:1
# text = Film is also the roll that old cameras used for photos.
1	Film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	roll	roll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	cameras	camera	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	photos	photo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Film | the roll |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle · passive |  | the roll |  |  |  | for photos | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: subject=Theme for photo=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The film lasts 2 hours.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:film:x1:1
# text = The film lasts 2 hours.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lasts	last	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **last** | present | the film |  |  |  | hour |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They watched 3 films.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:film:x2:1
# text = They watched 3 films.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	watched	watch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	films	film	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **watch** | past | They | 3 films |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent film=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tickets for the film cost $7.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:film:x3:1
# text = Tickets for the film cost $7.
1	Tickets	ticket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	cost	cost	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
6	$	$	SYM	$	_	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The film starts at 4 and ends at 6.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:film:x4:1
# text = The film starts at 4 and ends at 6.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	starts	start	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	ends	end	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | present | the film |  |  | 4 |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **end** | present | the film *not said here* |  |  | 6 |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We filmed our class play.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:film:x5:1
# text = We filmed our class play.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	filmed	film	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	play	play	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **film** | past | We | our class play |  |  |  |  | vn transcribe-25.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent play=Theme |
| 2 | **play** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom play «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cover the bowl with plastic film.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:film:x6:1
# text = Cover the bowl with plastic film.
1	Cover	cover	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	bowl	bowl	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	plastic	plastic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | imperative | you *not said here* | the bowl |  |  |  | with plastic film | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent bowl=Destination with film=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was a film of ice on the pond.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:film:x7:1
# text = There was a film of ice on the pond.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a film of ice on the pond |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **film** |  |  | ice on the pond |  |  |  |  | nom film «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This film is for children over 12.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:film:x8:1
# text = This film is for children over 12.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	over	over	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | this film |  |  |  |  | for children; 12 *nmod* | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Little by little a film covered his eyes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:film:x9:1
# text = Little by little a film covered his eyes.
1	Little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
2	by	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	film	film	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	covered	cover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | past | a Little little film | film's eyes |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme eye=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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