---
title: fils — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «fils» in the school dictionary: «Fils» is the French word for son; it sounds like «feess» to an English ear and is not an English word. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# fils

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Fils, word, we, bakery sign, Dumas fils, drink · **What happens:** be, sound, not be, put, mean, tell · **To what, where:** French word, English word, fils, English, son, small coin · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«fils» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [fils in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/fils.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: French — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Fils» is the French word for son; it sounds like «feess» to an English ear and is not an English word.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fils:m1:1
# text = «Fils» is the French word for son; it sounds like «feess» to an English ear and is not an English word.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Fils	Fils	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	sounds	sound	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	feess	feess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	_
17	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	ear	ear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
23	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	26	advmod	_	_
24	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	English	English	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Fils | the French word |  |  |  | for son | tree rules |
| 2 | **sound** | present | word |  |  |  |  | like feess; to a English ear | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ PP.experiencer»: agent=Stimulus to ear=Experiencer |
| 3 | **not** **is a** | present | word *not said here* | a English word |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In English, «fils» is sometimes put after a French name to mean «the son» or «junior», as in «Dumas fils», to tell a son apart from his father with the same name.

<!-- fold The tree, 32 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fils:m2:1
# text = In English, «fils» is sometimes put after a French name to mean «the son» or «junior», as in «Dumas fils», to tell a son apart from his father with the same name.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	fils	fils	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
8	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	9	advmod	_	_
9	put	put	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	after	after	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	18	punct	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	junior	junior	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
25	as	as	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
26	in	in	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
27	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	29	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	Dumas	duma	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	compound	_	_
29	fils	fil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	to	to	PART	TO	_	33	mark	_	_
33	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
34	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	iobj	_	_
36	apart	apart	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
37	from	from	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	39	nmod:poss	_	_
39	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
40	with	with	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
41	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
42	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	43	amod	_	_
43	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
44	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | present · passive |  | fils |  | English | after a French name | as Dumas fils; sometimes *property* | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in english=Destination |
| 2 | **mean** | to-infinitive |  | the son |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Topic |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  |  | a son |  |  | from English's father; with the same name; apart *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent son=Recipient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: money — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fils is a small coin, a fraction of the dinar or dirham, in some Arab countries like Kuwait, Bahrain and the UAE.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fils:m3:1
# text = A fils is a small coin, a fraction of the dinar or dirham, in some Arab countries like Kuwait, Bahrain and the UAE.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fils	fils	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	coin	coin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	fraction	fraction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	dinar	dinar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	dirham	dirham	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
17	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	19	det	_	_
18	Arab	Arab	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
20	like	like	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	Kuwait	Kuwait	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	Bahrain	Bahrain	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	UAE	UAE	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	21	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a fils | a small coin |  | some Arab countries like Kuwait and Bahrain and the UAE |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In French class we learned that «fils» means son.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fils:x1:1
# text = In French class we learned that «fils» means son.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	fils	fils	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
10	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
11	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | we |  |  | French class |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **mean** | present | fils | son |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bakery sign said «Martin et Fils».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fils:x2:1
# text = The bakery sign said «Martin et Fils».
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bakery	bakery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	sign	sign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	Martin	Martin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	_
7	et	et	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	Fils	Fils	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the bakery sign |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Alexandre Dumas fils wrote different books from his father.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fils:x3:1
# text = Alexandre Dumas fils wrote different books from his father.
1	Alexandre	Alexandre	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Dumas	duma	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	compound	_	_
3	fils	fil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | Dumas fils | different books |  |  |  | from his father | vn create-26.4-1 «NP V NP PP.material»: agent=Agent book=Result from father=Material |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The drink cost 500 fils in Kuwait.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fils:x4:1
# text = The drink cost 500 fils in Kuwait.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	cost	cost	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	500	500	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	fils	fil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Kuwait	Kuwait	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | the drink | 500 fils |  | Kuwait |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme fil=Value |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Mon fils» means «my son» in French.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fils:x5:1
# text = «Mon fils» means «my son» in French.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Mon	mon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	fils	fils	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Mon fils | my son |  |  |  | in French | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot son=Theme in french=Attribute |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old coin was worth only a few fils.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fils:x6:1
# text = The old coin was worth only a few fils.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	coin	coin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	worth	worth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	only	only	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	fils	fil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the old coin |  |  |  |  | a few fils *obl*; worth *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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