---
title: finance — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «finance» in the school dictionary: The management of money, especially by governments, banks and businesses. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# finance

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** aunt, school, bake sale, our, They, minister · **What happens:** manage, use, pay, provide, work, need · **To what, where:** money, finance, new playground, class trip, car, budget

<!-- .vabout -->
«finance» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [finance in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/finance.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: money — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The management of money, especially by governments, banks and businesses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:finance:m1:1
# text = The management of money, especially by governments, banks and businesses.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	management	management	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	governments	government	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	banks	bank	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	businesses	business	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **manage** |  |  | money |  |  |  |  | nom management «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Money that is used to pay for a project or a purchase.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:finance:m2:1
# text = Money that is used to pay for a project or a purchase.
1	Money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl:relcl	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	project	project	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	purchase	purchase	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present · passive |  | Money |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: subject=Theme clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **pay** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | for a project or a purchase | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent for project=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To provide the money for something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:finance:m3:1
# text = To provide the money for something.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	provide	provide	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **provide** | to-infinitive |  | the money |  |  |  | for something | vn ensure-99 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Precondition money=Theme for something=Beneficiary |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My aunt works in finance at a big bank.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:finance:x1:1
# text = My aunt works in finance at a big bank.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	aunt	aunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	finance	finance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **work** | present | My aunt |  |  |  |  | at a big bank; in finance | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in finance=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The school needs finance to build a new playground.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:finance:x2:1
# text = The school needs finance to build a new playground.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	needs	need	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	finance	finance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	build	build	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	playground	playground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | the school | finance |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot finance=Theme |
| 2 | **build** | to-infinitive | the school *not said here* | a new playground |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset playground=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bake sale helped finance our class trip.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:finance:x3:1
# text = The bake sale helped finance our class trip.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bake	bake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	sale	sale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	finance	finance	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
6	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
7	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | the bake sale |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **finance** | infinitive | the bake sale *not said here* | our class trip |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **trip** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom trip «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They bought the car on finance and pay each month.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:finance:x4:1
# text = They bought the car on finance and pay each month.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	finance	finance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	pay	pay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | past | They | the car |  | finance |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent car=Theme |
| 2 | **pay** | present | They *not said here* |  |  |  | month |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The government's minister of finance plans the budget.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:finance:x5:1
# text = The government's minister of finance plans the budget.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	minister	minister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	finance	finance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	plans	plan	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	budget	budget	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plan** | present | the government's minister of finance | the budget |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent budget=Topic |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Learning about personal finance helps you save money.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:finance:x6:1
# text = Learning about personal finance helps you save money.
1	Learning	learn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	about	about	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	personal	personal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	finance	finance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	save	save	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | about personal finance | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about finance=Topic |
| 2 | **help** | present | Learning | you |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **save** | infinitive | you *not said here* | money |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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