---
title: finances — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «finances» in the school dictionary: The money that a person, family, business or country has and how it is managed. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# finances

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, Mum, family, finances, we, he · **What happens:** have, manage, pay, form, talk, finance · **To what, where:** money, country, verb finance, new kits, job, me

<!-- .vabout -->
«finances» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [finances in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/finances.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: money — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The money that a person, family, business or country has and how it is managed.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:finances:m1:1
# text = The money that a person, family, business or country has and how it is managed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	obj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	business	business	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
14	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	17	advmod	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	managed	manage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | a person and family and business or country | the money |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Patient |
| 2 | **manage** | present · passive |  | country |  |  |  |  | vn caring-75.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Third person form of the verb finance: pays for something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:finances:m2:1
# text = Third person form of the verb finance: pays for something.
1	Third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	3	amod	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	finance	finance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
9	pays	pay	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pay** | present |  |  |  |  |  | for something | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent for something=Theme |
| 2 | **form** |  |  | the verb finance |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum and Dad talk about the family finances every Sunday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:finances:x1:1
# text = Mum and Dad talk about the family finances every Sunday.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	talk	talk	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	about	about	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	finances	finance	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
9	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	_
10	Sunday	Sunday	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **talk** | present | Mum and Dad |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **finance** | present | the family |  |  |  | sunday |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The club's finances are healthy, so we can buy new kits.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:finances:x2:1
# text = The club's finances are healthy, so we can buy new kits.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	finances	finances	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	6	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	healthy	healthy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	buy	buy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
12	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	kits	kit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the club's finances |  |  |  |  | healthy *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **buy** | can | we | new kits |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kit=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After he lost his job, their finances were tight.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:finances:x3:1
# text = After he lost his job, their finances were tight.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	finances	finances	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	10	nsubj	_	_
9	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	tight	tight	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | past | he | his job |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is** | past | their finances |  |  |  |  | tight *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **job** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom job «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad helps me keep my finances in order with a piggy bank.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:finances:x4:1
# text = Grandad helps me keep my finances in order with a piggy bank.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	finances	finances	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	piggy	piggy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Grandad | me |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent i=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** | infinitive | me *not said here* | my finances |  | order with a piggy bank |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent finances=Theme in order=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The council finances the local library.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:finances:x5:1
# text = The council finances the local library.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	council	council	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	finances	finance	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	local	local	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **finance** | present | the council | the local library |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Good finances mean spending less than you earn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:finances:x6:1
# text = Good finances mean spending less than you earn.
1	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	finances	finances	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	3	nsubj	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	spending	spend	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	less	less	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	obj	_	_
6	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	earn	earn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Good finances |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **spend** *not said to happen* | gerund | Good finances *not said here* | less |  |  |  |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent less=Asset |
| 3 | **earn** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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