---
title: firearm — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «firearm» in the school dictionary: A gun that a person can carry, such as a pistol, rifle or shotgun. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# firearm

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, Police, man, You, licence, Australia · **What happens:** carry, say, need, own, train, see · **To what, where:** gun, firearm, licence, Firearms officers, adult, firearms laws · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«firearm» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [firearm in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/firearm.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A gun that a person can carry, such as a pistol, rifle or shotgun.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:firearm:m1:1
# text = A gun that a person can carry, such as a pistol, rifle or shotgun.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	gun	gun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	obj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	12	case	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	pistol	pistol	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	rifle	rifle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	shotgun	shotgun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | can | a person | a gun and a pistol |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Police said the man was carrying a firearm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:firearm:x1:1
# text = Police said the man was carrying a firearm.
1	Police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	carrying	carry	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	ccomp	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	firearm	firearm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Police |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **carry** | past · progressive | the man | a firearm |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent firearm=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You need a licence to own a firearm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:firearm:x2:1
# text = You need a licence to own a firearm.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	licence	licence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	own	own	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	firearm	firearm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | You | a licence |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **own** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | a licence *not said here* | a firearm |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot firearm=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Firearms officers are specially trained police.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:firearm:x3:1
# text = Firearms officers are specially trained police.
1	Firearms	firearm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	compound	_	_
2	officers	officer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	specially	specially	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	trained	train	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **train** | present · passive |  | Firearms officers |  |  |  | specially *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If you ever see a firearm, don't touch it; tell an adult.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:firearm:x4:1
# text = If you ever see a firearm, don't touch it; tell an adult.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	4	advmod	_	_
4	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	firearm	firearm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
8	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	touch	touch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
14	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you | a firearm |  |  | ever |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer firearm=Stimulus |
| 2 | **not** **touch** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | firearm |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme it=Co-Theme |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | infinitive | you *not said here* |  | a adult |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent adult=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Australia changed its firearms laws after a terrible shooting in 1996.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:firearm:x5:1
# text = Australia changed its firearms laws after a terrible shooting in 1996.
1	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	firearms	firearm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	compound	_	_
5	laws	law	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	terrible	terrible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	shooting	shooting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	1996	1996	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past | Australia | firearms laws |  | 1996 | after a terrible shooting |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent law=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Farmers may keep a firearm to protect animals.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:firearm:x6:1
# text = Farmers may keep a firearm to protect animals.
1	Farmers	farmer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	firearm	firearm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | may | Farmers | a firearm |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent firearm=Theme |
| 2 | **protect** | to-infinitive | Farmers *not said here* |  | animals |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Beneficiary |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You don't carry firearms, then, I presume?"

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:firearm:x7:1
# text = You don't carry firearms, then, I presume?"
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	carry	carry	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	firearms	firearm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	presume	presume	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **carry** | present · do-support | You | firearms |  |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent firearm=Theme |
| 2 | **presume** | infinitive | I |  |  |  | then |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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