---
title: firmness — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «firmness» in the school dictionary: Firmness is being hard or solid, not soft. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# firmness

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**Who acts:** Firmness, you, Mum, boy, bully · **What happens:** be, not be, decide, not give, surprise, show · **To what, where:** way, others, her, firmness, no., followers · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«firmness» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 4 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [firmness in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/firmness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Firmness is being hard or solid, not soft.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:firmness:m1:1
# text = Firmness is being hard or solid, not soft.
1	Firmness	firmness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	cop	_	_
4	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	solid	solid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	soft	soft	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Firmness |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Firmness *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **be** |  | Firmness *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Firmness is being steady and strong in what you decide, not giving way to others.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:firmness:m2:1
# text = Firmness is being steady and strong in what you decide, not giving way to others.
1	Firmness	firmness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	cop	_	_
4	steady	steady	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	obl	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	decide	decide	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
14	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	others	other	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Firmness |  |  |  |  | steady *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Firmness *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **decide** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **not** **give** | gerund | Firmness *not said here* | way | others |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent way=Theme to other=Recipient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The firmness of the bed surprised her.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:firmness:x1:1
# text = The firmness of the bed surprised her.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	firmness	firmness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	surprised	surprise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	her	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surprise** | past | the firmness of the bed | her *= she* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus she=Experiencer |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum showed firmness and said no.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:firmness:x2:1
# text = Mum showed firmness and said no.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	firmness	firmness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
6	no.	no.	NOUN	NN	Abbr=Yes|Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | Mum | firmness |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent firmness=Recipient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Mum *not said here* | no. |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent no.=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hero's firmness saved his followers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:firmness:x3:1
# text = The hero's firmness saved his followers.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	hero	hero	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	firmness	firmness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	saved	save	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	followers	follower	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **save** | past | the hero's firmness | firmness's followers |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent follower=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
With firmness, the boy told the bully to stop.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:firmness:x4:1
# text = With firmness, the boy told the bully to stop.
1	With	with	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	firmness	firmness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bully	bully	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | the boy | the bully |  |  |  | with firmness | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent bully=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **stop** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the bully *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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