---
title: fiscal — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «fiscal» in the school dictionary: Fiscal means about government money: taxes and public spending. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# fiscal

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Fiscal, month period, period, government, company, Fiscal rules · **What happens:** mean, use, account, change, lower, report · **To what, where:** fiscal policy, taxes, profits, end, much, fiscal spending

<!-- .vabout -->
«fiscal» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [fiscal in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/fiscal.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fiscal means about government money: taxes and public spending.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fiscal:m1:1
# text = Fiscal means about government money: taxes and public spending.
1	Fiscal	fiscal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	taxes	tax	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	public	public	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	spending	spending	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Fiscal |  |  |  |  | about government money and taxes and public spending | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fiscal year: the twelve-month period a government or company uses for its accounts (US; «financial year» in the UK and Australia).

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fiscal:m2:1
# text = Fiscal year: the twelve-month period a government or company uses for its accounts (US; «financial year» in the UK and Australia).
1	Fiscal	fiscal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	twelve	twelve	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	accounts	account	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
17	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	US	US	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	financial	financial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	22	punct	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	UK	UK	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	Australia	Australia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | the month period |  |  |  | year | for period's accounts | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **account** |  | period |  |  |  |  |  | nom account «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The government changed its fiscal policy to lower taxes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fiscal:x1:1
# text = The government changed its fiscal policy to lower taxes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	policy	policy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	lower	lower	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	taxes	tax	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past | the government | government's fiscal policy |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent policy=Patient |
| 2 | **lower** | to-infinitive | the government *not said here* | taxes |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tax=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The company reports its profits at the end of each fiscal year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fiscal:x2:1
# text = The company reports its profits at the end of each fiscal year.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reports	report	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	profits	profit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	det	_	_
11	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **report** | present | the company | company's profits |  |  | at the end of each fiscal year |  | vn prosecute-33.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent profit=Patient |
| 2 | **profit** |  | company |  |  |  |  |  | nom profit «possession intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fiscal rules limit how much a country can borrow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fiscal:x3:1
# text = Fiscal rules limit how much a country can borrow.
1	Fiscal	fiscal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	limit	limit	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
5	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	obj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	borrow	borrow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **limit** | present | Fiscal rules |  |  |  |  |  | vn limit-76 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Causer clause=Goal |
| 2 | **borrow** | can | a country | much |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent much=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The report looked at fiscal spending on schools.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fiscal:x4:1
# text = The report looked at fiscal spending on schools.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	report	report	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	spending	spending	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	schools	school	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the report | fiscal spending |  | schools |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme spending=Attribute |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fiscal deficit means spending more than you collect.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fiscal:x5:1
# text = A fiscal deficit means spending more than you collect.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	deficit	deficit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	spending	spend	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	obj	_	_
7	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	collect	collect	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | a fiscal deficit |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **spend** *not said to happen* | gerund | a fiscal deficit *not said here* | more |  |  |  |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Asset |
| 3 | **collect** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mayor gave a fiscal update to the council.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fiscal:x6:1
# text = The mayor gave a fiscal update to the council.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mayor	mayor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	fiscal	fiscal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	update	update	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	council	council	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the mayor | a fiscal update | the council |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent update=Theme to council=Recipient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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