---
title: flame — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «flame» in the school dictionary: A flame is the hot, bright, burning gas you see in a fire: the flame of a candle. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# flame

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** flame, you, candle, flames, house, car · **What happens:** burn, be, see, flame, mean, turn · **To what, where:** hot bright burning gas, fire, flame, flames, sleeves, wind

<!-- .vabout -->
«flame» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [flame in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/flame.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A flame is the hot, bright, burning gas you see in a fire: the flame of a candle.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flame:m1:1
# text = A flame is the hot, bright, burning gas you see in a fire: the flame of a candle.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	flame	flame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
5	hot	hot	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	amod	_	_
10	gas	gas	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	flame	flame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	candle	candle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burn** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a flame | the hot bright burning gas |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **see** | present | you | the hot bright burning gas *not said here* |  | a fire and the flame of a candle |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer gas=Stimulus |
| 4 | **flame** |  | a candle |  |  |  |  |  | nom flame «process intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«In flames» means burning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flame:m2:1
# text = «In flames» means burning.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	flames	flame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	burning	burn	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | flames |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **burn** *not said to happen* | gerund | flames *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To flame is to burn brightly or turn bright red.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flame:m3:1
# text = To flame is to burn brightly or turn bright red.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	flame	flame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	burn	burn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	brightly	brightly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	turn	turn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
9	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | flame |  |  |  |  | brightly, burn *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **turn** | present | flame *not said here* |  |  |  |  | red *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Blow out the flame of the candle.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flame:x1:1
# text = Blow out the flame of the candle.
1	Blow	blow	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	out	out	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	flame	flame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	candle	candle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **blow out** | imperative | you *not said here* | the flame of the candle |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V NP apart»: agent=Agent flame=Patient |
| 2 | **flame** |  | the candle |  |  |  |  |  | nom flame «process intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The house was in flames.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flame:x2:1
# text = The house was in flames.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	flames	flame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the house |  |  | flames |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep your sleeves away from the flame.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flame:x3:1
# text = Keep your sleeves away from the flame.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	sleeves	sleeve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	away	away	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	flame	flame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | your sleeves |  |  |  | away *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sleeve=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The flame flickered in the wind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flame:x4:1
# text = The flame flickered in the wind.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	flame	flame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	flickered	flicker	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flicker** | participle |  | the flame *not said here* |  | the wind |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wind=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The car burst into flames.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flame:x5:1
# text = The car burst into flames.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	burst	burst	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	flames	flame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **burst** | past | the car |  |  | flames |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If your clothes catch fire, stop, drop and roll.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flame:x6:1
# text = If your clothes catch fire, stop, drop and roll.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	4	nsubj	_	_
4	catch	catch	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
5	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
7	stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	drop	drop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	roll	roll	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **catch** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | your clothes | fire |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fire=Theme |
| 2 | **stop** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **drop** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **roll** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A blue flame is hotter than a yellow one.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flame:x7:1
# text = A blue flame is hotter than a yellow one.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	blue	blue	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	flame	flame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	hotter	hot	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	yellow	yellow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a blue flame |  |  |  |  | than a yellow one; hot *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never play with flames.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flame:x8:1
# text = Never play with flames.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	play	play	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	with	with	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	flames	flame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **play** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with flames | vn play-114.2-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with flame=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The flames were breaking out from below.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flame:x9:1
# text = The flames were breaking out from below.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	flames	flame	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	breaking	break	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	out	out	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	below	below	ADV	RB	_	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break out** | past · progressive | the flames |  |  |  |  |  | vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient from below=Co-Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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