---
title: flash — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «flash» in the school dictionary: A flash is a quick bright light. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# flash

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** flash, bright light, someone, light, red lamp, Two lights · **What happens:** be, flash, shine on, mean, take, occur · **To what, where:** quick bright light, bright light, photos, dark, mind, them · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«flash» in the school dictionary: its 6 meanings for a pupil and its 11 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [flash in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/flash.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A flash is a quick bright light.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flash:m1:1
# text = A flash is a quick bright light.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	flash	flash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	quick	quick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a flash | a quick bright light |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To flash is to shine for a very short moment, or to shine on and off.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flash:m2:1
# text = To flash is to shine for a very short moment, or to shine on and off.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	flash	flash	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	shine	shine	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	moment	moment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	shine	shine	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	off	off	ADV	RB	_	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flash** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  | moment | shine *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **shine on** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a flash means very quickly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flash:m3:1
# text = In a flash means very quickly.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	flash	flash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	very	very	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  | in a flash; quickly *property* | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in flash=Attribute |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A flash on a camera is a bright light for taking photos in the dark.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flash:m4:1
# text = A flash on a camera is a bright light for taking photos in the dark.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	flash	flash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	camera	camera	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	bright	bright	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	taking	take	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	acl	_	_
12	photos	photo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	dark	dark	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a flash on a camera | a bright light |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **take** | gerund | a bright light *not said here* | photos |  | the dark |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent photo=Value in dark=Location |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To flash by is to move past very fast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flash:m5:1
# text = To flash by is to move past very fast.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	flash	flash	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	2	obl	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	move	move	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	past	past	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flash** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | fast, move, past *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 6 {#m6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To flash into someone's mind means to occur to them suddenly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flash:m6:1
# text = To flash into someone's mind means to occur to them suddenly.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	flash	flash	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	csubj	_	_
3	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	occur	occur	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obl	_	_
12	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flash** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | someone's mind |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent into mind=Recipient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **occur** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  | them *= they* |  |  | suddenly *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **mind** |  | someone |  |  |  |  |  | nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The light flashes every 5 seconds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flash:x1:1
# text = The light flashes every 5 seconds.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flashes	flash	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
5	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	seconds	second	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flash** | present | the light |  |  |  | second |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A red lamp flashes 3 times a minute.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flash:x2:1
# text = A red lamp flashes 3 times a minute.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	flashes	flash	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	minute	minute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flash** | present | a red lamp |  |  |  | time |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Two lights flash together at 8 seconds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flash:x3:1
# text = Two lights flash together at 8 seconds.
1	Two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flash	flash	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	together	together	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	8	8	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	seconds	second	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flash** | present | Two lights |  |  |  | second | together *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many flashes in a minute?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flash:x4:1
# text = How many flashes in a minute?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	flashes	flash	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	minute	minute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A flash of lightning lit up the sky.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flash:x5:1
# text = A flash of lightning lit up the sky.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	flash	flash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	lightning	lightning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	lit	lit	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	sky	sky	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lit up** | participle | a flash of lightning *not said here* | the sky |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **flash** |  | lightning |  |  |  |  |  | nom flash «event intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Count the seconds between the flash and the thunder.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flash:x6:1
# text = Count the seconds between the flash and the thunder.
1	Count	count	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	seconds	second	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	between	between	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	flash	flash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  | second |  | vn matter-91 «NP V»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rabbit was gone in a flash.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flash:x7:1
# text = The rabbit was gone in a flash.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	rabbit	rabbit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	flash	flash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past · passive |  | the rabbit |  | a flash |  |  | vn meander-47.7 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ambulance came with its lights flashing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flash:x8:1
# text = The ambulance came with its lights flashing.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ambulance	ambulance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	lights	light	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	flashing	flash	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | the ambulance |  |  |  |  | with ambulance's lights | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **flash** | gerund | the ambulance *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **light** |  | ambulance |  |  |  |  |  | nom light «phenomenon transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please turn off the flash in the museum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flash:x9:1
# text = Please turn off the flash in the museum.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	turn	turn	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	off	off	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	flash	flash	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn off** | imperative | you *not said here* | the flash |  | the museum |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent flash=Patient |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A car flashed past the window.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flash:x10:1
# text = A car flashed past the window.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flashed	flash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	past	past	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flash** | past | a car |  |  |  |  | past the window | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 11 {#x11}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Instantly the truth flashed upon him.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flash:x11:1
# text = Instantly the truth flashed upon him.
1	Instantly	instantly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	truth	truth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	flashed	flash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flash** | past | the truth |  |  |  |  | upon him *= he*; instantly *property* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon he=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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