---
title: flashcard — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «flashcard» in the school dictionary: A flashcard is a small card with a word, picture, question or sum on one side and the answer on the other, used to learn and remember things quickly. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# flashcard

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** flashcard, digital flashcard, I, my, Mum, French teacher · **What happens:** be, use, learn, remember, make, test · **To what, where:** small card, things, same thing, app, flashcards, me

<!-- .vabout -->
«flashcard» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [flashcard in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/flashcard.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A flashcard is a small card with a word, picture, question or sum on one side and the answer on the other, used to learn and remember things quickly.

<!-- fold The tree, 29 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flashcard:m1:1
# text = A flashcard is a small card with a word, picture, question or sum on one side and the answer on the other, used to learn and remember things quickly.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	flashcard	flashcard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	word	word	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	sum	sum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
22	on	on	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	xcomp	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	remember	remember	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	28	conj	_	_
31	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	obj	_	_
32	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a flashcard | a small card |  |  |  | with a word and picture and the answer on the other | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | participle | a flashcard *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **learn** | to-infinitive | a flashcard *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **remember** | infinitive | a flashcard *not said here* | things |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent thing=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: computing — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A digital flashcard is the same thing on an app or computer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flashcard:m2:1
# text = A digital flashcard is the same thing on an app or computer.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	digital	digital	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	flashcard	flashcard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	app	app	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a digital flashcard | the same thing |  | a app or computer |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I made flashcards for my spelling test.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flashcard:x1:1
# text = I made flashcards for my spelling test.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	flashcards	flashcard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	spelling	spelling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | I | flashcards |  |  |  | for my spelling test | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent flashcard=Product for test=Asset |
| 2 | **test** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom test «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum tested me with times-table flashcards.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flashcard:x2:1
# text = Mum tested me with times-table flashcards.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	tested	test	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	flashcards	flashcard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **test** | past | Mum | me |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent i=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our French teacher held up a flashcard of a cat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flashcard:x3:1
# text = Our French teacher held up a flashcard of a cat.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	held	hold	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	flashcard	flashcard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold up** | past | Our French teacher | a flashcard of a cat |  |  |  |  | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot flashcard=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Flashcards help you remember new words.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flashcard:x4:1
# text = Flashcards help you remember new words.
1	Flashcards	flashcard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	remember	remember	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Flashcards | you |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **remember** | infinitive | you *not said here* | new words |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent word=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Shuffle the flashcards before you start.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flashcard:x5:1
# text = Shuffle the flashcards before you start.
1	Shuffle	shuffle	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	flashcards	flashcard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	start	start	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shuffle** | imperative | you *not said here* | the flashcards |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flashcard=Patient |
| 2 | **start** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My app has flashcards for Spanish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flashcard:x6:1
# text = My app has flashcards for Spanish.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	app	app	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	flashcards	flashcard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Spanish	Spanish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | My app | flashcards |  |  |  | for Spanish | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flashcard=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Write the question on one side and the answer on the other side of the flashcard.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flashcard:x7:1
# text = Write the question on one side and the answer on the other side of the flashcard.
1	Write	write	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	flashcard	flashcard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | imperative | you *not said here* | the question |  | one side and the answer |  | on the other side of the flashcard | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent question=Theme on side=Destination |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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