---
title: flattened — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «flattened» in the school dictionary: Made flat or flatter, for example by pressing, rolling or squashing. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# flattened

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** storm, spirits, She, strong wind, cat, We · **What happens:** make, press, roll, squash, knock down, flatten · **To what, where:** trees, flat shape, spirits, dough, corn, ears · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«flattened» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [flattened in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/flattened.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Made flat or flatter, for example by pressing, rolling or squashing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flattened:m1:1
# text = Made flat or flatter, for example by pressing, rolling or squashing.
1	Made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	xcomp	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	flatter	flat	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
8	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	pressing	press	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	rolling	roll	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	squashing	squash	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | for example; flat *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent for example=Asset |
| 2 | **press** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn push-12-1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **roll** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **squash** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn bump-18.4-1 «NP V together»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Knocked down to the ground: «the storm flattened the trees».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flattened:m2:1
# text = Knocked down to the ground: «the storm flattened the trees».
1	Knocked	knock	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	down	down	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	flattened	flatten	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **knock down** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | to the ground | tree rules |
| 2 | **flatten** *in a quote* | past | the storm | the trees |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Having a flat shape: «a flattened ball».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flattened:m3:1
# text = Having a flat shape: «a flattened ball».
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
6	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	flattened	flatten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	amod	_	_
9	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund |  | a flat shape |  |  |  | a flattened ball *obl* | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shape=Patient |
| 2 | **flatten** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To flatten someone's spirits means to make them feel suddenly sad and discouraged.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flattened:m4:1
# text = To flatten someone's spirits means to make them feel suddenly sad and discouraged.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	flatten	flatten	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	spirits	spirit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obj	_	_
10	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	sad	sad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	discouraged	discouraged	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flatten** | to-infinitive |  | someone's spirits |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent spirit=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **make** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | spirits *= spirit* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **feel** *not said to happen* | infinitive | spirits *= spirit* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sad *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She flattened the dough with a rolling pin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flattened:x1:1
# text = She flattened the dough with a rolling pin.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	flattened	flatten	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	dough	dough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	rolling	roll	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	amod	_	_
8	pin	pin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flatten** | past | She | the dough |  |  |  | with a rolling pin | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent dough=Patient with pin=Instrument |
| 2 | **roll** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The strong wind flattened the corn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flattened:x2:1
# text = The strong wind flattened the corn.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	flattened	flatten	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	corn	corn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flatten** | past | the strong wind | the corn |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent corn=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat flattened its ears because it was cross.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flattened:x3:1
# text = The cat flattened its ears because it was cross.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flattened	flatten	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	cross	cross	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flatten** | past | the cat | cat's ears |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ear=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | past | cat |  |  |  |  | cross *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Earth is a little flattened at the top and bottom.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flattened:x4:1
# text = The Earth is a little flattened at the top and bottom.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	flattened	flatten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	bottom	bottom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flatten** | present · passive |  | the Earth |  | the top and bottom |  | a little *obl:unmarked* | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We flattened the cardboard boxes for recycling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flattened:x5:1
# text = We flattened the cardboard boxes for recycling.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	flattened	flatten	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	cardboard	cardboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	boxes	box	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	recycling	recycling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flatten** | past | We | the cardboard boxes |  |  |  | for recycling | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent box=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The grass was flattened where the tent had been.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flattened:x6:1
# text = The grass was flattened where the tent had been.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	flattened	flatten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	9	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	tent	tent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	been	be	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flatten** | past · passive |  | the grass |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **be** | past · perfect | the tent |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When all were safely down they picked up the Scarecrow, whose body was quite flattened out, and patted his straw into shape again.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flattened:x7:1
# text = When all were safely down they picked up the Scarecrow, whose body was quite flattened out, and patted his straw into shape again.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	safely	safely	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	down	down	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	picked	pick	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Scarecrow	Scarecrow	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
12	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux:pass	_	_
15	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	flattened	flatten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
17	out	out	ADP	RP	_	16	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	patted	pat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	straw	straw	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
23	into	into	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	shape	shape	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
25	again	again	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | all |  |  |  |  | down, safely *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **pick up** | past | they |  |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V PP.topic S\_ING»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **flatten out** | past · passive |  | the Scarecrow |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **pat** | past | they *not said here* | body's straw |  | shape | again |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent straw=Experiencer |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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