---
title: fledgling — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «fledgling» in the school dictionary: A young bird that has just grown its feathers and is learning to fly. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/F/fledgling/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [F](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/F/) / fledgling

# fledgling

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** young bird, person, fledgling, you, parents, fledglings · **What happens:** grow, learn, fly, be, not experience, hop about · **To what, where:** feathers, lawn, wings, fledgling, cat, five members

<!-- .vabout -->
«fledgling» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [fledgling in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/fledgling.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A young bird that has just grown its feathers and is learning to fly.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fledgling:m1:1
# text = A young bird that has just grown its feathers and is learning to fly.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	just	just	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	feathers	feather	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	learning	learn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present · perfect | a young bird | bird's feathers |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location feather=Theme |
| 2 | **learn** | present · progressive | a young bird *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **fly** | to-infinitive | a young bird *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A person or thing that is new and not yet experienced: «a fledgling club».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fledgling:m2:1
# text = A person or thing that is new and not yet experienced: «a fledgling club».
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
10	yet	yet	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	experienced	experience	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
13	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	fledgling	fledgling	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a person or thing |  |  |  |  | new *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **experience** | participle | a person or thing *not said here* |  |  |  | yet |  | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fledgling hopped about on the lawn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fledgling:x1:1
# text = A fledgling hopped about on the lawn.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fledgling	fledgling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hopped	hop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	about	about	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lawn	lawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hop about** | past | a fledgling |  |  | the lawn |  | about *property* | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on lawn=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fledgling flapped its wings and tried to fly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fledgling:x2:1
# text = The fledgling flapped its wings and tried to fly.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fledgling	fledgling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flapped	flap	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	wings	wing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	tried	try	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flap** | past | the fledgling | fledgling's wings |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wing=Patient |
| 2 | **try** | past | the fledgling *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **fly** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the fledgling *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If you find a fledgling, leave it; its parents are close by.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fledgling:x3:1
# text = If you find a fledgling, leave it; its parents are close by.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	find	find	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	fledgling	fledgling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	leave	leave	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nsubj	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	close	close	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	advcl	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	13	fixed	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you | a fledgling |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fledgling=Topic |
| 2 | **leave** | imperative | you *not said here* | fledgling |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | present | fledgling's parents |  |  |  |  | close *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep the cat inside while fledglings are learning to fly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fledgling:x4:1
# text = Keep the cat inside while fledglings are learning to fly.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	fledglings	fledgling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	learning	learn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	fly	fly	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | the cat |  |  |  | inside *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cat=Theme |
| 2 | **learn** | present · progressive | fledglings |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **fly** | to-infinitive | fledglings *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fledgling club had only five members.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fledgling:x5:1
# text = The fledgling club had only five members.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	fledgling	fledgling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	club	club	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	only	only	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	five	five	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	members	member	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the fledgling club | five members |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent member=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fledglings have feathers, but nestlings are still fluffy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fledgling:x6:1
# text = Fledglings have feathers, but nestlings are still fluffy.
1	Fledglings	fledgling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	feathers	feather	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
6	nestlings	nestling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	still	still	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	fluffy	fluffy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Fledglings | feathers |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent feather=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present | nestlings |  |  |  | still | fluffy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sing to your fledglings again, Mother, oh lift up your head!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fledgling:x7:1
# text = Sing to your fledglings again, Mother, oh lift up your head!
1	Sing	sing	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	fledglings	fledgling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
5	again	again	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	Mother	mother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	10	discourse	_	_
10	lift	lift	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
11	up	up	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	_
12	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | imperative | you *not said here* | Mother | your fledglings |  | again |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to fledgling=Recipient |
| 2 | **lift up** | infinitive | you *not said here* | your head |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [fledged](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/F/fledged/)
- next →: [flee](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/F/flee/)
- ↑ back to [F in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/F/)