---
title: fleming — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «fleming» in the school dictionary: Fleming is a family name. The most famous is Alexander Fleming, a Scottish scientist who discovered penicillin, the first antibiotic medicine, when he noticed mould killing germs on a dish. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# fleming

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Fleming, Scottish scientist, famous Alexander Fleming, mould, Ian, British writer · **What happens:** be, discover, notice, kill, write, speak · **To what, where:** family name, famous Alexander Fleming, penicillin, mould, germs, dish · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«fleming» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [fleming in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/fleming.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fleming is a family name. The most famous is Alexander Fleming, a Scottish scientist who discovered penicillin, the first antibiotic medicine, when he noticed mould killing germs on a dish.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Fleming is a family name.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fleming:m1:1
# text = Fleming is a family name.
1	Fleming	Fleming	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Fleming | a family name |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* The most famous is Alexander Fleming, a Scottish scientist who discovered penicillin, the first antibiotic medicine, when he noticed mould killing germs on a dish.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fleming:m1:2
# text = The most famous is Alexander Fleming, a Scottish scientist who discovered penicillin, the first antibiotic medicine, when he noticed mould killing germs on a dish.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
2	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	3	advmod	_	_
3	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	Alexander	Alexander	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	Fleming	Fleming	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	Scottish	Scottish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	scientist	scientist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	discovered	discover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	penicillin	penicillin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
16	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	18	amod	_	_
17	antibiotic	antibiotic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	22	advmod	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	noticed	notice	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
23	mould	mould	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
24	killing	kill	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	23	acl	_	_
25	germs	germ	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obj	_	_
26	on	on	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	dish	dish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	22	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | the famous Alexander Fleming |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **discover** | past | a Scottish scientist | penicillin |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent penicillin=Topic |
| 3 | **notice** | past | the famous Alexander Fleming | mould |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer mould=Stimulus |
| 4 | **kill** | gerund | mould *not said here* | germs |  | a dish |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent germ=Theme |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ian Fleming was a British writer who wrote the James Bond spy stories.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fleming:m2:1
# text = Ian Fleming was a British writer who wrote the James Bond spy stories.
1	Ian	Ian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	Fleming	Fleming	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	British	British	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	writer	writer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
10	James	James	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	Bond	Bond	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
12	spy	spy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Ian | a British writer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **write** | past | a British writer | the Bond spy stories |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent story=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Fleming is a person from Flanders, the Dutch-speaking north of Belgium.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fleming:m3:1
# text = A Fleming is a person from Flanders, the Dutch-speaking north of Belgium.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Fleming	Fleming	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Flanders	Flanders	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
10	Dutch	dutch	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	13	amod	_	_
13	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Belgium	Belgium	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a Fleming | a person and the speaking north of Belgium |  | Flanders |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fleming:x1:1
# text = Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin.
1	Alexander	Alexander	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Fleming	Fleming	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	discovered	discover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	penicillin	penicillin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **discover** | past | Alexander | penicillin |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent penicillin=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fleming noticed that mould had killed the bacteria on his dish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fleming:x2:1
# text = Fleming noticed that mould had killed the bacteria on his dish.
1	Fleming	Fleming	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	noticed	notice	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
4	mould	mould	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	killed	kill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	2	ccomp	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bacteria	bacteria	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	dish	dish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **notice** | past | Fleming |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **kill** | past · perfect | mould | the bacteria |  | mould's dish |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bacteria=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Penicillin, found by Fleming, fights infections.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fleming:x3:1
# text = Penicillin, found by Fleming, fights infections.
1	Penicillin	penicillin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Fleming	Fleming	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
7	fights	fight	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	infections	infection	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | participle |  | Penicillin *not said here* |  |  |  | by Fleming | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **fight** | present | Penicillin | infections |  |  |  |  | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent infection=Co-Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ian Fleming wrote books about the spy James Bond.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fleming:x4:1
# text = Ian Fleming wrote books about the spy James Bond.
1	Ian	Ian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Fleming	Fleming	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	spy	spy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	James	James	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
9	Bond	Bond	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | Ian | books |  |  |  | about the spy | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent book=Recipient about spy=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our neighbours are the Flemings at number 12.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fleming:x5:1
# text = Our neighbours are the Flemings at number 12.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Flemings	fleming	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	12	12	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	7	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Our neighbours | the Flemings |  | number |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Flemings of Belgium speak Dutch.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fleming:x6:1
# text = The Flemings of Belgium speak Dutch.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Flemings	fleming	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Belgium	Belgium	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	Dutch	Dutch	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | the Flemings of Belgium | Dutch |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fleming's discovery started the age of antibiotics.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fleming:x7:1
# text = Fleming's discovery started the age of antibiotics.
1	Fleming	Fleming	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	discovery	discovery	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | past | Fleming's discovery | the age of antibiotics |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent age=Eventuality |
| 2 | **discover** |  | Fleming |  |  |  |  |  | nom discovery «act transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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