---
title: fling — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «fling» in the school dictionary: To fling something is to throw it hard and carelessly. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# fling

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** fling, something, sunshine, She, He, boy · **What happens:** fling, be, send, run, open, let · **To what, where:** something, yourself, short time, light, it, bag

<!-- .vabout -->
«fling» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [fling in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/fling.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To fling something is to throw it hard and carelessly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fling:m1:1
# text = To fling something is to throw it hard and carelessly.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	fling	fling	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	throw	throw	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	hard	hard	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	carelessly	carelessly	ADV	RB	_	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fling** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | hard, throw *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To fling yourself or your arms is to move suddenly and with force.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fling:m2:1
# text = To fling yourself or your arms is to move suddenly and with force.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	fling	fling	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
3	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	move	move	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	with	with	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	force	force	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fling** | to-infinitive |  | yourself |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yourself=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | move, suddenly *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fling is a short time of fun, or a short love affair.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fling:m3:1
# text = A fling is a short time of fun, or a short love affair.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fling	fling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	fun	fun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
13	love	love	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	affair	affair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a fling | a short time or a short love affair |  |  |  | of fun | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If something flings light or sunshine somewhere, it sends it there suddenly and strongly.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fling:m4:1
# text = If something flings light or sunshine somewhere, it sends it there suddenly and strongly.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flings	fling	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	advcl	_	_
4	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	sunshine	sunshine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	somewhere	somewhere	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	sends	send	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	advmod	_	_
13	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	strongly	strongly	ADV	RB	_	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fling** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | something | light or sunshine |  |  |  | somewhere *property* | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent light=Theme |
| 2 | **send** | present | sunshine | it |  | there |  | suddenly *property* | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She flung her bag on the floor and ran outside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fling:x1:1
# text = She flung her bag on the floor and ran outside.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	flung	fling	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	ran	run	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	outside	outside	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fling** | past | She | her bag |  | the floor |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent bag=Theme on floor=Destination |
| 2 | **run** | past | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  | outside *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He flung open the window to let in fresh air.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fling:x2:1
# text = He flung open the window to let in fresh air.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	flung	fling	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	open	open	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fling** | past | He |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **open** | infinitive | He *not said here* | the window |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location window=Theme |
| 3 | **let** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* |  |  | fresh air |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The boy flung his arms around his grandma.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fling:x3:1
# text = The boy flung his arms around his grandma.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boy	boy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flung	fling	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	around	around	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fling** | past | the boy | boy's arms |  |  |  | around boy's grandma | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent arm=Theme around grandma=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't fling your coat on the chair; hang it up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fling:x4:1
# text = Don't fling your coat on the chair; hang it up.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	fling	fling	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	chair	chair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
10	hang	hang	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	up	up	ADP	RP	_	10	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **fling** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | your coat |  | the chair |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent coat=Theme on chair=Destination |
| 2 | **hang up** | infinitive | you *not said here* | coat |  |  |  |  | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wind flung leaves across the yard.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fling:x5:1
# text = The wind flung leaves across the yard.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flung	fling	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	yard	yard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fling** | past | the wind | leaves |  |  |  | across the yard | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We learned the Highland fling in dance class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fling:x6:1
# text = We learned the Highland fling in dance class.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Highland	highland	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	fling	fling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	dance	dance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | We | the Highland fling |  | dance class |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fling=Topic |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He flung himself onto the sofa.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fling:x7:1
# text = He flung himself onto the sofa.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	flung	fling	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	2	obj	_	_
4	onto	onto	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sofa	sofa	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fling** | past | He | himself *= he* |  | the sofa |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent himself=Theme onto sofa=Destination |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cecco went, first flinging his arms despairingly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fling:x8:1
# text = Cecco went, first flinging his arms despairingly.
1	Cecco	Cecco	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
4	first	first	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	5	advmod	_	_
5	flinging	fling	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	arms	arm	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	despairingly	despairingly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | Cecco |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **fling** | gerund | Cecco *not said here* | Cecco's arms |  |  |  | despairingly, first *property* | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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