---
title: florentine — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «florentine» in the school dictionary: From or about Florence, a famous city in Italy known for art and the Renaissance. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# florentine

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Florentine, Florentine artists, Mum, Dad, Michelangelo, Florentine palace · **What happens:** know, make, candy, serve, be, bear in · **To what, where:** famous city, thin crisp biscuit, person, city, famous pictures, Renaissance · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«florentine» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [florentine in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/florentine.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: adjective — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
From or about Florence, a famous city in Italy known for art and the Renaissance.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:florentine:m1:1
# text = From or about Florence, a famous city in Italy known for art and the Renaissance.
1	From	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Florence	Florence	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	known	know	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
12	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	Renaissance	Renaissance	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | participle |  | a famous city in Italy *not said here* |  |  |  | for art and the Renaissance | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun, food — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A thin, crisp biscuit made of nuts and candied fruit, often with chocolate on one side.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:florentine:m2:1
# text = A thin, crisp biscuit made of nuts and candied fruit, often with chocolate on one side.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	crisp	crisp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	biscuit	biscuit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	nuts	nut	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	candied	candy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	fruit	fruit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	often	often	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  | a thin crisp biscuit *not said here* |  |  |  | of nuts and candied fruit; with chocolate on one side | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **candy** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: cooking, «florentine» after a dish name — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Served with spinach, as in «eggs florentine».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:florentine:m3:1
# text = Served with spinach, as in «eggs florentine».
1	Served	serve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	with	with	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	spinach	spinach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	compound	_	_
9	florentine	florentine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **serve** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | with spinach; as eggs florentine | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as florentine=Attribute |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Florentine is a person born in or living in the city of Florence.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:florentine:m4:1
# text = A Florentine is a person born in or living in the city of Florence.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Florentine	florentine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	born	bear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	living	live	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Florence	Florence	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a Florentine | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **bear in** | participle |  | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **live** | gerund |  |  |  | the city of Florence |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in city=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Florentine artists painted famous pictures in the Renaissance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:florentine:x1:1
# text = Florentine artists painted famous pictures in the Renaissance.
1	Florentine	florentine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	artists	artist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	painted	paint	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	pictures	picture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Renaissance	Renaissance	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **paint** | past | Florentine artists | famous pictures |  | the Renaissance |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.theme PP.destination»: agent=Agent picture=Theme in renaissance=Destination |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum bought a box of chocolate florentines.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:florentine:x2:1
# text = Mum bought a box of chocolate florentines.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	chocolate	chocolate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	florentines	florentine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | past | Mum | a box of chocolate florentines |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent box=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad ordered eggs florentine with spinach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:florentine:x3:1
# text = Dad ordered eggs florentine with spinach.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ordered	order	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	florentine	florentine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	spinach	spinach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **order** | past | Dad | eggs |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP.beneficiary NP»: agent=Agent egg=Beneficiary florentine=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Michelangelo was a Florentine sculptor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:florentine:x4:1
# text = Michelangelo was a Florentine sculptor.
1	Michelangelo	Michelangelo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	Florentine	Florentine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	sculptor	sculptor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Michelangelo | a Florentine sculptor |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Florentine palace had huge painted ceilings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:florentine:x5:1
# text = The Florentine palace had huge painted ceilings.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Florentine	Florentine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	palace	palace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	huge	huge	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	painted	paint	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	ceilings	ceiling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the Florentine palace | huge painted ceilings |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ceiling=Patient |
| 2 | **paint** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We baked florentines with almonds and cherries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:florentine:x6:1
# text = We baked florentines with almonds and cherries.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	baked	bake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	florentines	florentine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	almonds	almond	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	cherries	cherry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bake** | past | We | florentines |  |  |  | with almonds and cherries | vn cooking-45.3 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent florentine=Patient with almond=Instrument |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The painter was said to be a young Florentine, who had been found in the streets, when a child, by an old glovemaker, who had brought him up.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:florentine:x7:1
# text = The painter was said to be a young Florentine, who had been found in the streets, when a child, by an old glovemaker, who had brought him up.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	painter	painter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	Florentine	Florentine	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
12	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	streets	street	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	21	advmod	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	by	by	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
24	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	glovemaker	glovemaker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	30	nsubj:pass	_	_
29	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	aux	_	_
30	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	26	acl:relcl	_	_
31	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obj	_	_
32	up	up	ADP	RP	_	30	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past · passive |  | the painter |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive |  | a young Florentine |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **find** | past · perfect · passive |  | a young Florentine |  | the streets and a child and a old glovemaker |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |
| 4 | **bring up** | past · perfect · passive |  | a old glovemaker |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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