---
title: flu — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «flu» in the school dictionary: An illness caused by a virus that gives you a high temperature, aches, a cough, a sore throat and makes you feel very tired. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# flu

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** virus, you, I, your, flu, Flu season · **What happens:** cause, give, make, feel, stay, have · **To what, where:** illness, high temperature, you, flu, sneeze, doctor

<!-- .vabout -->
«flu» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [flu in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/flu.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An illness caused by a virus that gives you a high temperature, aches, a cough, a sore throat and makes you feel very tired.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flu:m1:1
# text = An illness caused by a virus that gives you a high temperature, aches, a cough, a sore throat and makes you feel very tired.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	illness	illness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	iobj	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	temperature	temperature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	aches	ache	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	cough	cough	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	amod	_	_
21	throat	throat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
24	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	23	obj	_	_
25	feel	feel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	xcomp	_	_
26	very	very	ADV	RB	_	27	advmod	_	_
27	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | participle |  | a illness *not said here* |  |  |  | by a virus | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 2 | **give** | present | a virus | a high temperature and aches and a cough and a sore throat | you |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient temperature=Theme |
| 3 | **make** | present | a virus *not said here* | you |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **feel** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tired *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I stayed home because I had the flu.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flu:x1:1
# text = I stayed home because I had the flu.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stayed	stay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	home	home	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	flu	flu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stay** | past | I |  |  |  |  | home *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | past | I | the flu |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flu=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Catch your sneeze to stop flu spreading.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flu:x2:1
# text = Catch your sneeze to stop flu spreading.
1	Catch	catch	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	sneeze	sneeze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	flu	flu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	spreading	spread	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **catch** | imperative | you *not said here* | your sneeze |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sneeze=Theme |
| 2 | **stop** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | flu |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **spread** | gerund | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **sneeze** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom sneeze «state intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I had my flu shot at the doctor's.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flu:x3:1
# text = I had my flu shot at the doctor's.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	flu	flu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	shot	shoot	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | I |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **shoot** | past | my flu |  |  | the doctor |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent at doctor=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Flu season is in winter.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flu:x4:1
# text = Flu season is in winter.
1	Flu	flu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	season	season	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	winter	winter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Flu season |  |  |  |  | in winter | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You feel very tired and achy with flu.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flu:x5:1
# text = You feel very tired and achy with flu.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	feel	feel	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	achy	achy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	flu	flu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **feel** | present | You |  |  |  |  | tired *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wash your hands to keep flu away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:flu:x6:1
# text = Wash your hands to keep flu away.
1	Wash	wash	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	flu	flu	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	away	away	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | imperative | you *not said here* | your hands |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 2 | **keep away** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | flu |  |  |  | away *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flu=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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