---
title: fluent — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «fluent» in the school dictionary: Able to speak, read or write a language easily and well, as in «fluent in French». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/F/fluent/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [F](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/F/) / fluent

# fluent

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** friend, She, fluent reader, you, He, his · **What happens:** speak, read, write, do, stop, be · **To what, where:** language, fluent reader, English, lots, times tables, Quebec · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«fluent» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [fluent in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/fluent.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Able to speak, read or write a language easily and well, as in «fluent in French».

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fluent:m1:1
# text = Able to speak, read or write a language easily and well, as in «fluent in French».
1	Able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	write	write	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	fluent	fluent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	parataxis	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **read** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **write** | infinitive |  | a language |  |  |  | easily *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Agent language=Recipient clause=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Done smoothly and easily without stopping, as in «a fluent reader».

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fluent:m2:1
# text = Done smoothly and easily without stopping, as in «a fluent reader».
1	Done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	smoothly	smoothly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	2	conj	_	_
5	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	stopping	stop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
8	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
10	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	fluent	fluent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	reader	reader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | smoothly *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **stop** | gerund |  |  |  | a fluent reader |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in reader=Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Smooth and graceful, as in «fluent movements».

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fluent:m3:1
# text = Smooth and graceful, as in «fluent movements».
1	Smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	graceful	graceful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	fluent	fluent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	movements	movement	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My friend is fluent in English and Polish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fluent:x1:1
# text = My friend is fluent in English and Polish.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	fluent	fluent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	Polish	Polish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My friend |  |  | English and Polish |  | fluent *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is a fluent reader who uses lots of expression.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fluent:x2:1
# text = She is a fluent reader who uses lots of expression.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	fluent	fluent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	reader	reader	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	lots	lot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	expression	expression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | She | a fluent reader |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **use** | present | a fluent reader | lots of expression |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lot=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Practise your times tables until you are fluent.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fluent:x3:1
# text = Practise your times tables until you are fluent.
1	Practise	practise	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	compound	_	_
4	tables	table	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	fluent	fluent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **practise** | imperative | you *not said here* | times tables |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | fluent *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He spoke fluently about his project.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fluent:x4:1
# text = He spoke fluently about his project.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spoke	speak	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	fluently	fluently	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	about	about	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	project	project	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | He |  |  |  |  | about his project; fluently *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about project=Topic |
| 2 | **project** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom project «act transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After living in Quebec, Mum became fluent in French.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fluent:x5:1
# text = After living in Quebec, Mum became fluent in French.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	living	live	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Quebec	Quebec	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	Mum	Mum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	became	become	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	fluent	fluent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	xcomp	_	_
9	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | gerund | Mum *not said here* |  |  | Quebec |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in quebec=Location |
| 2 | **become** | past | Mum |  |  |  |  | fluent *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dancer's moves were fluent and smooth.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fluent:x6:1
# text = The dancer's moves were fluent and smooth.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dancer	dancer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	moves	move	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	fluent	fluent	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	smooth	smooth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the dancer's moves |  |  |  |  | fluent *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the dancer's moves *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **move** |  | the dancer |  |  |  |  |  | nom move «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [fluency](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/F/fluency/)
- next →: [fluently](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/F/fluently/)
- ↑ back to [F in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/F/)