---
title: fluently — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «fluently» in the school dictionary: Speaking, reading or writing a language easily, smoothly and well. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# fluently

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** friend, most children, She, He, Dad, dancer · **What happens:** speak, read, write, move, work, stop · **To what, where:** language, Spanish, tune, answer, whole class, Japan · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«fluently» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [fluently in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/fluently.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Speaking, reading or writing a language easily, smoothly and well.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fluently:m1:1
# text = Speaking, reading or writing a language easily, smoothly and well.
1	Speaking	speak	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
3	reading	read	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	1	conj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	writing	write	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	smoothly	smoothly	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	well	well	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | smoothly *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **read** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **write** | gerund |  | a language |  |  |  | easily *property* | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent language=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Moving or working smoothly, without stopping or stumbling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fluently:m2:1
# text = Moving or working smoothly, without stopping or stumbling.
1	Moving	move	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	working	work	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
4	smoothly	smoothly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	stopping	stop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	stumbling	stumble	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **work** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | smoothly *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **stop** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 4 | **stumble** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My friend speaks Spanish and English fluently.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fluently:x1:1
# text = My friend speaks Spanish and English fluently.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	speaks	speak	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Spanish	Spanish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	fluently	fluently	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | My friend | Spanish and English |  |  |  | fluently *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By Year 4 most children read fluently.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fluently:x2:1
# text = By Year 4 most children read fluently.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	Year	Year	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
3	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	_
4	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	read	read	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	fluently	fluently	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | present | most children |  |  |  | by Year | fluently *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She played the tune fluently without one mistake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fluently:x3:1
# text = She played the tune fluently without one mistake.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	tune	tune	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	fluently	fluently	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	without	without	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	mistake	mistake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **play** | past | She | the tune |  |  |  | without one mistake; fluently *property* | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tune=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He explained the answer fluently to the whole class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fluently:x4:1
# text = He explained the answer fluently to the whole class.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	explained	explain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	answer	answer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	fluently	fluently	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	whole	whole	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **explain** *speech: assert* | past | He | the answer | the whole class |  |  | fluently *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent answer=Topic to class=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After living in Japan, Dad can speak Japanese fluently.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fluently:x5:1
# text = After living in Japan, Dad can speak Japanese fluently.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	living	live	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Japan	Japan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
9	Japanese	Japanese	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	_
10	fluently	fluently	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | gerund | Dad *not said here* |  |  | Japan |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in japan=Location |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | can | Dad |  |  |  |  | fluently, japanese *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dancer moved fluently across the stage.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fluently:x6:1
# text = The dancer moved fluently across the stage.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dancer	dancer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	fluently	fluently	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	across	across	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	stage	stage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | past | the dancer |  |  | the stage |  | fluently *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme across stage=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then they oiled the corners of their mouths so that they might be able to speak more fluently.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fluently:x7:1
# text = Then they oiled the corners of their mouths so that they might be able to speak more fluently.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	oiled	oil	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	corners	corner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	mouths	mouth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
12	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	cop	_	_
14	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	speak	speak	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	xcomp	_	_
17	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	18	advmod	_	_
18	fluently	fluently	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **oil** | past | they | the corners of corners's mouths |  |  | then |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent corner=Destination |
| 2 | **is** | might | corners *= corner* |  |  |  |  | able *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | corners *= corner* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | fluently *property* | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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