---
title: foggy — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «foggy» in the school dictionary: Foggy means full of fog, a thick cloud near the ground that makes it hard to see. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# foggy

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Foggy, thick cloud, ground, memory, I, It · **What happens:** mean, make, see, describe, be, have · **To what, where:** ground, mind, foggiest idea, all, cold morning, bridge · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«foggy» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [foggy in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/foggy.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Foggy means full of fog, a thick cloud near the ground that makes it hard to see.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foggy:m1:1
# text = Foggy means full of fog, a thick cloud near the ground that makes it hard to see.
1	Foggy	foggy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	fog	fog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	cloud	cloud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
10	near	near	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	_
16	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	xcomp	_	_
17	to	to	PART	TO	_	18	mark	_	_
18	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Foggy |  |  |  |  | full *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **make** | present | a thick cloud near the ground | ground |  |  |  | hard *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |
| 3 | **see** | to-infinitive | ground *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Foggy can describe a mind or memory that is unclear: «I haven't the foggiest idea» means I don't know at all.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foggy:m2:1
# text = Foggy can describe a mind or memory that is unclear: «I haven't the foggiest idea» means I don't know at all.
1	Foggy	foggy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	describe	describe	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	unclear	unclear	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
12	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	foggiest	foggy	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	18	amod	_	_
18	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
20	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
21	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
22	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	24	advmod	_	_
24	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	ccomp	_	_
25	at	at	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | can | Foggy | a mind or memory |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent mind=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | memory |  |  |  |  | unclear *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** *in a quote* | present | I | the foggiest idea |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Patient |
| 4 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **not** **know** | present · do-support | I |  |  | all |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was a cold and foggy morning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foggy:x1:1
# text = It was a cold and foggy morning.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	foggy	foggy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | It | a cold morning |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We couldn't see the bridge because it was so foggy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foggy:x2:1
# text = We couldn't see the bridge because it was so foggy.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	foggy	foggy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **see** | could | We | the bridge |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bridge=Stimulus |
| 2 | **is** | past | bridge |  |  |  |  | foggy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Drivers must slow down in foggy weather.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foggy:x3:1
# text = Drivers must slow down in foggy weather.
1	Drivers	driver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	slow	slow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	down	down	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	foggy	foggy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slow down** | must | Drivers |  |  | foggy weather |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My glasses went foggy when I came inside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foggy:x4:1
# text = My glasses went foggy when I came inside.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	glasses	glass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	foggy	foggy	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | My glasses |  |  |  |  | foggy *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **come** | past | I |  |  |  |  | inside *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ship's horn sounded through the foggy night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foggy:x5:1
# text = The ship's horn sounded through the foggy night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	horn	horn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	sounded	sound	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	through	through	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	foggy	foggy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sound** | past | the ship's horn |  |  |  | night |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I haven't the foggiest idea where my shoe is.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foggy:x6:1
# text = I haven't the foggiest idea where my shoe is.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	foggiest	foggy	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	10	advmod	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	shoe	shoe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | I |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is a** | present |  | the foggiest idea |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My memory of that day is a bit foggy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foggy:x7:1
# text = My memory of that day is a bit foggy.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	memory	memory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	5	det	_	_
5	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	foggy	foggy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | My memory of that day |  |  |  |  | a bit *obl:unmarked*; foggy *property* | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It is nearly always foggy at Novastoshnah, except when the sun comes out and makes everything look all pearly and rainbow-colored for a little while.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foggy:x8:1
# text = It is nearly always foggy at Novastoshnah, except when the sun comes out and makes everything look all pearly and rainbow-colored for a little while.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	nearly	nearly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	5	advmod	_	_
5	foggy	foggy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Novastoshnah	Novastoshnah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	except	except	ADP	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
10	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	13	mark	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	comes	come	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
14	out	out	ADP	RP	_	13	compound:prt	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
17	everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	16	obj	_	_
18	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	xcomp	_	_
19	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	18	obj	_	_
20	pearly	pearly	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	rainbow	rainbow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	22	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	colored	color	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	19	acl	_	_
25	for	for	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	while	while	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | It |  |  | Novastoshnah |  | always, foggy, nearly *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **come out** | present | the sun |  |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **make** | present | the sun *not said here* | everything |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **look** | infinitive | everything *not said here* | all |  |  |  |  | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme all=Attribute |
| 5 | **color** | participle |  |  |  |  | while | pearly *property* | vn coloring-24 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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