---
title: ford — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ford» in the school dictionary: A ford is a shallow place in a river or stream where you can walk, ride or drive across. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ford

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ford, you, horses, oxen, road, settlers · **What happens:** be, walk, ride, drive, ford, mean · **To what, where:** shallow place, river, family name, car company, ford, Oxford · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«ford» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ford in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ford.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A ford is a shallow place in a river or stream where you can walk, ride or drive across.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ford:m1:1
# text = A ford is a shallow place in a river or stream where you can walk, ride or drive across.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ford	ford	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	shallow	shallow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	15	advmod	_	_
13	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
15	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	ride	ride	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	drive	drive	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
20	across	across	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a ford | a shallow place |  | a river or stream |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **walk** | can | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **ride** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **drive** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | across *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To ford a river means to cross it at a shallow place.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ford:m2:1
# text = To ford a river means to cross it at a shallow place.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	ford	ford	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	cross	cross	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	at	at	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	shallow	shallow	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ford** | to-infinitive |  | a river |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **cross** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | river |  | a shallow place |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ford is a family name and the name of a car company.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ford:m3:1
# text = Ford is a family name and the name of a car company.
1	Ford	ford	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	compound	_	_
12	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ford | a family name and the name of a car company |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **name** |  |  | a car company |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The horses crossed the river at the ford.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ford:x1:1
# text = The horses crossed the river at the ford.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	horses	horse	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	crossed	cross	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	ford	ford	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cross** | past | the horses | the river |  | the ford |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent river=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Oxford was named after a ford where oxen crossed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ford:x2:1
# text = Oxford was named after a ford where oxen crossed.
1	Oxford	Oxford	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	named	name	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	after	after	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ford	ford	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	9	advmod	_	_
8	oxen	ox	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	crossed	cross	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **name** | past · passive |  | Oxford |  |  | after a ford |  | vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **cross** | past | oxen |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The road has a ford instead of a bridge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ford:x3:1
# text = The road has a ford instead of a bridge.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	ford	ford	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=ADP	9	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the road | a ford |  |  |  | instead a bridge | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ford=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The settlers forded the stream with their wagons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ford:x4:1
# text = The settlers forded the stream with their wagons.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	settlers	settler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	forded	ford	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	wagons	wagon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ford** | past | the settlers | the stream |  |  |  | with settlers's wagons | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Do not drive through the ford when it is flooded.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ford:x5:1
# text = Do not drive through the ford when it is flooded.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	drive	drive	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	ford	ford	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	flooded	flood	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **drive** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  | the ford |  |  | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent through ford=Trajectory |
| 2 | **flood** | present · passive |  | ford |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad's first car was a Ford.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ford:x6:1
# text = Dad's first car was a Ford.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	first	first	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	4	amod	_	_
4	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Ford	ford	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Dad's first car | a Ford |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Renelde waded the ford, returned to the hut, and sat down to spin.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ford:x7:1
# text = Renelde waded the ford, returned to the hut, and sat down to spin.
1	Renelde	Renelde	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	waded	wade	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ford	ford	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	returned	return	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hut	hut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
13	down	down	ADP	RP	_	12	compound:prt	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	spin	spin	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wade** | past | Renelde | the ford |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme ford=Trajectory |
| 2 | **return** | past | Renelde *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the hut *result* | vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to hut=Result |
| 3 | **sit down** | past | Renelde *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **spin** | to-infinitive | Renelde *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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