---
title: foreign — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «foreign» in the school dictionary: Foreign means from or belonging to another country, not your own. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# foreign

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Foreign, foreign object, that, French, We, He · **What happens:** mean, belong, be, change, have, not be · **To what, where:** something, place, foreign language, money, foreign currency, foreign body · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«foreign» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [foreign in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/foreign.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Foreign means from or belonging to another country, not your own.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foreign:m1:1
# text = Foreign means from or belonging to another country, not your own.
1	Foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	belonging	belong	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	ccomp	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
11	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Foreign |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **belong** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | to another country | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Foreign means strange or unknown to you.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foreign:m2:1
# text = Foreign means strange or unknown to you.
1	Foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	unknown	unknown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Foreign |  |  |  |  | strange *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A foreign object or body is something that is in a place where it should not be, like dirt in an eye.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foreign:m3:1
# text = A foreign object or body is something that is in a place where it should not be, like dirt in an eye.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	object	object	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
13	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	17	advmod	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
15	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	like	like	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	dirt	dirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
21	in	in	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a foreign object or body | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | that |  |  | a place |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
French is a foreign language for me.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foreign:x1:1
# text = French is a foreign language for me.
1	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | French | a foreign language |  |  |  | for me | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We changed our money into foreign currency.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foreign:x2:1
# text = We changed our money into foreign currency.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	currency	currency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past | We | our money |  |  |  | into foreign currency *result* | vn turn-26.6.1-1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: agent=Agent money=Patient into currency=Result |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He has never been to a foreign country.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foreign:x3:1
# text = He has never been to a foreign country.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	8	cop	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | He |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | to a foreign country | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor took a foreign body out of her eye.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foreign:x4:1
# text = The doctor took a foreign body out of her eye.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	out	out	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | the doctor | a foreign body |  | doctor's eye |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent body=Theme out eye=Initial\_Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The idea of a lie-in was foreign to my dad.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foreign:x5:1
# text = The idea of a lie-in was foreign to my dad.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
5	lie	lie	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	in	in	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the idea of a lie in |  |  |  |  | to my dad; foreign *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Foreign visitors came to our school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foreign:x6:1
# text = Foreign visitors came to our school.
1	Foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	visitors	visitor	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | Foreign visitors |  |  | our school |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to school=Initial\_Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't put foreign objects in your ears.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foreign:x7:1
# text = Don't put foreign objects in your ears.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	objects	object	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **put** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | foreign objects |  | your ears |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent object=Theme in ear=Destination |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum has coins from many foreign lands.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foreign:x8:1
# text = The museum has coins from many foreign lands.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	coins	coin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the museum | coins |  | many foreign lands |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent coin=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ah, how delightful it is to travel into foreign lands!"

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foreign:x9:1
# text = Ah, how delightful it is to travel into foreign lands!"
1	Ah	ah	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
4	delightful	delightful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	travel	travel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	ccomp	_	_
9	into	into	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	foreign	foreign	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | it |  |  | foreign lands |  | travel *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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