---
title: foreman — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «foreman» in the school dictionary: A worker in charge of a group of workers, for example on a building site or in a factory. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# foreman

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, foreman, uncle, everyone, jury foreman, you · **What happens:** charge, speak, tell, start, be, check · **To what, where:** group, court, builders, foreman, factory, hard hat · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«foreman» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [foreman in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/foreman.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A worker in charge of a group of workers, for example on a building site or in a factory.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foreman:m1:1
# text = A worker in charge of a group of workers, for example on a building site or in a factory.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	worker	worker	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	charge	charge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	workers	worker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	building	building	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	site	site	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	factory	factory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **charge** |  |  | a group of workers |  |  |  |  | nom charge «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The person who speaks for a jury in court.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foreman:m2:1
# text = The person who speaks for a jury in court.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	speaks	speak	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	jury	jury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	court	court	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | the person |  |  | court |  | for a jury | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The foreman told the builders where to start.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foreman:x1:1
# text = The foreman told the builders where to start.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	foreman	foreman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	builders	builder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	iobj	_	_
6	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	8	advmod	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	start	start	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | the foreman |  | the builders |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent builder=Recipient |
| 2 | **start** | to-infinitive | the foreman *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My uncle is a foreman at the factory.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foreman:x2:1
# text = My uncle is a foreman at the factory.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	foreman	foreman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	factory	factory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My uncle | a foreman |  | the factory |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The foreman checked everyone was wearing a hard hat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foreman:x3:1
# text = The foreman checked everyone was wearing a hard hat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	foreman	foreman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	checked	check	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	6	nsubj	_	_
5	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	wearing	wear	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	hat	hat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **check** | past | the foreman |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **wear** | past · progressive | everyone | a hard hat |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent hat=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The jury foreman stood up to give the verdict.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foreman:x4:1
# text = The jury foreman stood up to give the verdict.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	jury	jury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	foreman	foreman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	verdict	verdict	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stand up** | past | the jury foreman |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **give** | to-infinitive | the jury foreman *not said here* | the verdict |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent verdict=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ask the foreman before you go on site.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foreman:x5:1
# text = Ask the foreman before you go on site.
1	Ask	ask	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	foreman	foreman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	site	site	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ask** *speech: ask* | imperative | you *not said here* | the foreman |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent foreman=Recipient |
| 2 | **go** | present | you |  |  | site |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on site=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The foreman counted the workers each morning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foreman:x6:1
# text = The foreman counted the workers each morning.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	foreman	foreman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	counted	count	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	workers	worker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **count** | past | the foreman | the workers |  |  | morning |  | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent worker=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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