---
title: foresee — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «foresee» in the school dictionary: To foresee something is to know or guess that it will happen before it does. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# foresee

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** it, Nobody, you, teacher, trip, witch · **What happens:** foresee, be, guess, happen, do, tell · **To what, where:** something, storm, problems, us, boots, fall · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«foresee» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [foresee in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/foresee.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To foresee something is to know or guess that it will happen before it does.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foresee:m1:1
# text = To foresee something is to know or guess that it will happen before it does.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	foresee	foresee	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	know	know	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	guess	guess	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
9	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
11	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	ccomp	_	_
13	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
14	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	does	do	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **foresee** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | know *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **guess** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **happen** | future | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **do** | present | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nobody could foresee the storm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foresee:x1:1
# text = Nobody could foresee the storm.
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	3	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	foresee	foresee	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **foresee** | could | Nobody | the storm |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent storm=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Do you foresee any problems with the plan?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foresee:x2:1
# text = Do you foresee any problems with the plan?
1	Do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	foresee	foresee	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	problems	problem	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **foresee** | present · do-support | you | any problems |  |  |  | with the plan | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent problem=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher foresaw that the trip would be muddy and told us to bring boots.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foresee:x3:1
# text = The teacher foresaw that the trip would be muddy and told us to bring boots.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	foresaw	foresee	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
9	muddy	muddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
12	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	iobj	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	xcomp	_	_
15	boots	boot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **foresee** | past | the teacher |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | would | the trip |  |  |  |  | muddy *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | the teacher *not said here* |  | us |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent we=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 4 | **bring** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the teacher *not said here* | boots |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent boot=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story, the witch foresaw the king's fall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foresee:x4:1
# text = In the story, the witch foresaw the king's fall.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	foresaw	foresee	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	's	's	PART	POS	_	9	case	_	_
11	fall	fall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **foresee** | past | the witch | the king's fall |  | the story |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fall=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We couldn't have foreseen the road being closed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foresee:x5:1
# text = We couldn't have foreseen the road being closed.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux	_	_
5	foreseen	foresee	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **foresee** | could · perfect · passive |  | We |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **close** | gerund · passive |  | the road |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Good planners foresee what might go wrong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foresee:x6:1
# text = Good planners foresee what might go wrong.
1	Good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	planners	planner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	foresee	foresee	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	6	nsubj	_	_
5	might	might	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
7	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **foresee** | present | Good planners |  |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **go** | might |  |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
“Oh! no, do not go, for if you go home to the King’s palace you will forget me, I foresee that.”

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foresee:x7:1
# text = “Oh! no, do not go, for if you go home to the King’s palace you will forget me, I foresee that.”
1	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	8	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
4	no	no	INTJ	UH	Polarity=Neg	2	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
14	home	home	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	’s	's	PART	POS	_	17	case	_	_
19	palace	palace	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
20	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
21	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	forget	forget	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	19	acl:relcl	_	_
23	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
26	foresee	foresee	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
27	that	that	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **go** *in a quote* | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **go** *a condition, not said to happen, in a quote* | present | you |  |  | the King's palace |  | home *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to palace=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **forget** *in a quote* | future | you | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **foresee** *in a quote* | present | I | that |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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