---
title: forest — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «forest» in the school dictionary: A forest is a large area of land covered thickly with trees and plants. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# forest

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** forest, large number, We, Amazon, Many animals, forest fire · **What happens:** be, cover, close, walk, live, spread · **To what, where:** large area, land, large number, forest, largest rainforest, Gretel

<!-- .vabout -->
«forest» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [forest in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/forest.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A forest is a large area of land covered thickly with trees and plants.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:forest:m1:1
# text = A forest is a large area of land covered thickly with trees and plants.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	_
10	thickly	thickly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	_
11	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a forest | a large area |  |  |  | of land | tree rules |
| 2 | **cover** | participle |  | land *not said here* |  |  |  | thickly *property* | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A forest of something is a large number of tall things close together: a forest of hands.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:forest:m2:1
# text = A forest of something is a large number of tall things close together: a forest of hands.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
12	close	close	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
13	together	together	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a forest of something | a large number and a forest of hands |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **close** | present | a large number and a forest of hands *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of tall things; together *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We walked through the forest on a path.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:forest:x1:1
# text = We walked through the forest on a path.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	through	through	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	path	path	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | We |  |  | the forest |  | on a path | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through forest=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Amazon is the largest rainforest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:forest:x2:1
# text = The Amazon is the largest rainforest.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Amazon	Amazon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	largest	large	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	rainforest	rainforest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Amazon | the largest rainforest |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many animals live in the forest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:forest:x3:1
# text = Many animals live in the forest.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Many animals |  |  | the forest |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in forest=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A forest fire can spread very fast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:forest:x4:1
# text = A forest fire can spread very fast.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	spread	spread	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	fast	fast	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | can | a forest fire |  |  |  |  | fast *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Hansel and Gretel got lost in the forest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:forest:x5:1
# text = Hansel and Gretel got lost in the forest.
1	Hansel	hansel	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
3	Gretel	Gretel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	got	get	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	conj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hansel** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **lose** | past · passive |  | Gretel |  | the forest |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Trees in the forest lose their leaves in autumn.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:forest:x6:1
# text = Trees in the forest lose their leaves in autumn.
1	Trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	lose	lose	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	autumn	autumn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | present | Trees in the forest | Trees's leaves |  |  | autumn |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Eventuality |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cutting down forests harms wildlife.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:forest:x7:1
# text = Cutting down forests harms wildlife.
1	Cutting	cut	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	down	down	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	forests	forest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	harms	harm	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	wildlife	wildlife	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut down** | gerund |  | forests |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset forest=Product |
| 2 | **harm** | present | Cutting | wildlife |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus wildlife=Experiencer |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A forest of hands went up when the teacher asked a question.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:forest:x8:1
# text = A forest of hands went up when the teacher asked a question.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
5	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	advcl	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	question	question	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go up** | past | a forest of hands |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | the teacher | a question |  |  |  |  | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent question=Recipient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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