---
title: forsake — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «forsake» in the school dictionary: To leave someone and stop helping or caring for them; to abandon. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# forsake

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, Bible, He, She, Toad, roadside · **What happens:** leave, stop, help, care, abandon, give up · **To what, where:** someone, something, thee, friends, danger, village · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«forsake» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [forsake in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/forsake.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To leave someone and stop helping or caring for them; to abandon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:forsake:m1:1
# text = To leave someone and stop helping or caring for them; to abandon.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
6	helping	help	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	caring	care	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	conj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	13	mark	_	_
13	abandon	abandon	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent someone=Theme |
| 2 | **stop** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **help** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **care** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | for them *= they* | vn caring-75.2-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent for they=Theme |
| 5 | **abandon** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn leave-51.2 «NP V NP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To give up something you used to have or do.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:forsake:m2:1
# text = To give up something you used to have or do.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give up** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Source |
| 2 | **use** | past | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **have** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **do** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Bible says, «I will never leave thee, nor forsake thee.»

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:forsake:x1:1
# text = The Bible says, «I will never leave thee, nor forsake thee.»
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
7	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
8	never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	leave	leave	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
10	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	13	cc	_	_
13	forsake	forsake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	conj	_	_
14	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the Bible |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **leave** *in a quote* | future | the Bible *= bible* | thee |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thou=Theme |
| 3 | **forsake** *in a quote* | infinitive | the Bible *= bible* *not said here* | thee |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He would not forsake his friends in danger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:forsake:x2:1
# text = He would not forsake his friends in danger.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	forsake	forsake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **forsake** | would | He | his friends |  | danger |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The village was forsaken, with every house empty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:forsake:x3:1
# text = The village was forsaken, with every house empty.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	village	village	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	forsaken	forsake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	det	_	_
8	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forsake** | past · passive |  | the village |  |  |  | with every house | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She forsook her comfortable life to help the poor.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:forsake:x4:1
# text = She forsook her comfortable life to help the poor.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	forsook	forsake	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	comfortable	comfortable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forsake** | past | She | her comfortable life |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **help** | to-infinitive | She *not said here* | the poor |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poor=Beneficiary |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Toad promised to forsake motor-cars for ever, but he didn't keep his promise.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:forsake:x5:1
# text = Toad promised to forsake motor-cars for ever, but he didn't keep his promise.
1	Toad	Toad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	promised	promise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	forsake	forsake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	motor	motor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	cars	car	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
12	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
13	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
15	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	promise	promise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **promise** *speech: promise* | past | Toad |  |  |  |  |  | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **forsake** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Toad *not said here* | motor cars |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **keep** | past · do-support | Toad | Toad's promise |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent promise=Theme |
| 4 | **promise** |  | Toad |  |  |  |  |  | nom promise «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't forsake your old friends when you make new ones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:forsake:x6:1
# text = Don't forsake your old friends when you make new ones.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	forsake	forsake	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	friends	friend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **forsake** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | your old friends |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | present | you | new ones |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Product |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The forsaken puppy was found by the roadside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:forsake:x7:1
# text = The forsaken puppy was found by the roadside.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	forsaken	forsake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
3	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	roadside	roadside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forsake** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **find** | past · passive | the roadside | the forsaken puppy |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Topic |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
‘Oh, good father,’ cried the young man, ‘you will not forsake me?

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:forsake:x8:1
# text = ‘Oh, good father,’ cried the young man, ‘you will not forsake me?
1	‘	'	PUNCT	``	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	’	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
8	cried	cry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	‘	‘	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
15	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
17	forsake	forsake	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
18	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | past | good father | the young man |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Topic |
| 2 | **not** **forsake** | future | you | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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