---
title: foundling — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «foundling» in the school dictionary: A foundling is a baby or young child who has been left alone and then found by someone who takes care of it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# foundling

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**Who acts:** foundling, villagers, Athene, Nobody, parents · **What happens:** be, leave, find, take, care, carry · **To what, where:** baby, care, poor little foundling, Alcmene · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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«foundling» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [foundling in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/foundling.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A foundling is a baby or young child who has been left alone and then found by someone who takes care of it.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foundling:m1:1
# text = A foundling is a baby or young child who has been left alone and then found by someone who takes care of it.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	foundling	foundling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
7	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
9	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
11	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
13	alone	alone	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	16	advmod	_	_
16	found	find	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	conj	_	_
17	by	by	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	16	obl	_	_
19	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
20	takes	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	acl:relcl	_	_
21	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a foundling | a baby or young child |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **leave** | present · perfect · passive |  | a baby or young child |  |  |  | alone *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **find** | participle |  |  |  |  | then | by someone | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **take** | present |  | care |  |  |  | of foundling | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent care=Theme of it=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The villagers took care of the foundling.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foundling:x1:1
# text = The villagers took care of the foundling.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	villagers	villager	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	care	care	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	foundling	foundling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | the villagers | care of the foundling |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent care=Theme |
| 2 | **care** |  | the foundling |  |  |  |  |  | nom care «act intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Athene carried the poor little foundling to Alcmene.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foundling:x2:1
# text = Athene carried the poor little foundling to Alcmene.
1	Athene	Athene	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	foundling	foundling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Alcmene	Alcmene	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | past | Athene | the poor little foundling | Alcmene |  |  |  | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent foundling=Theme to alcmene=Destination |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nobody knew who the foundling's parents were.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:foundling:x3:1
# text = Nobody knew who the foundling's parents were.
1	Nobody	nobody	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	2	nsubj	_	_
2	knew	know	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	2	ccomp	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	foundling	foundling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	parents	parent	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **know** | past | Nobody |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is a** | past | the foundling's parents |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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