---
title: fracture — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «fracture» in the school dictionary: A fracture is a break or crack, especially in a bone. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# fracture

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** fracture, team, She, X ray, you, earthquake · **What happens:** be, fracture, mean, break, crack, split · **To what, where:** break, something, group, wrist, swing, small fracture · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«fracture» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [fracture in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/fracture.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fracture is a break or crack, especially in a bone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fracture:m1:1
# text = A fracture is a break or crack, especially in a bone.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fracture	fracture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	break	break	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	crack	crack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a fracture | a break or crack and a bone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To fracture means to break or crack something hard, like a bone or rock.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fracture:m2:1
# text = To fracture means to break or crack something hard, like a bone or rock.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	fracture	fracture	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	crack	crack	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
9	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	bone	bone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	rock	rock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fracture** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **break** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | like a bone or rock | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Patient |
| 4 | **crack** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To fracture can mean to split a group apart: «The team fractured after the argument.».

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fracture:m3:1
# text = To fracture can mean to split a group apart: «The team fractured after the argument.».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	fracture	fracture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	split	split	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	apart	apart	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	fractured	fracture	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	ccomp	_	_
15	after	after	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	argument	argument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | fracture |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **split** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | fracture *not said here* | a group |  |  |  | apart *property* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent group=Patient |
| 3 | **fracture** *in a quote* | participle | the team |  |  |  | after the argument |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She fractured her wrist when she fell off the swing.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fracture:x1:1
# text = She fractured her wrist when she fell off the swing.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	fractured	fracture	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	wrist	wrist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
8	off	off	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	swing	swing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fracture** | past | She | her wrist |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wrist=Patient |
| 2 | **fall off** | past | she | the swing |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient swing=Extent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The X-ray showed a small fracture.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fracture:x2:1
# text = The X-ray showed a small fracture.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	X	x	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	ray	ray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	fracture	fracture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the X ray | a small fracture |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent fracture=Recipient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep a fracture still and call for help.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fracture:x3:1
# text = Keep a fracture still and call for help.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	fracture	fracture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	still	still	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	call	call	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | a fracture |  |  | still |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fracture=Theme |
| 2 | **call** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for help | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S\_INF»: agent=Agent for help=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The earthquake fractured the road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fracture:x4:1
# text = The earthquake fractured the road.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	earthquake	earthquake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fractured	fracture	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fracture** | past | the earthquake | the road |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent road=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A hairline fracture is a very thin crack.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fracture:x5:1
# text = A hairline fracture is a very thin crack.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	hairline	hairline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	fracture	fracture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	crack	crack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a hairline fracture | a thin crack |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The ice began to fracture under his feet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fracture:x6:1
# text = The ice began to fracture under his feet.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	fracture	fracture	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	under	under	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the ice |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **fracture** | to-infinitive | the ice *not said here* |  |  | ice's feet |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The higher branches were snapped off, and carried away to a great distance; and among these shattered branches lay Rudy's uncle, with his skull fractured.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fracture:x7:1
# text = The higher branches were snapped off, and carried away to a great distance; and among these shattered branches lay Rudy's uncle, with his skull fractured.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	amod	_	_
3	branches	branch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	snapped	snap	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	off	off	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	carried	carry	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
10	away	away	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	distance	distance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
17	among	among	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	20	det	_	_
19	shattered	shattered	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	branches	branch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
21	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
22	Rudy	Rudy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	's	's	PART	POS	_	22	case	_	_
24	uncle	uncle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
26	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
27	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	skull	skull	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
29	fractured	fracture	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **snap off** | past · passive |  | the higher branches |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **carry away** | past |  |  |  |  |  | to a great distance; away *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to distance=Destination |
| 3 | **lay** | present | this shattered branches | Rudy's uncle |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent uncle=Result |
| 4 | **fracture** | past | Rudy's skull |  |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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