---
title: fraud — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «fraud» in the school dictionary: Fraud is the crime of tricking people to get money or things dishonestly. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/F/fraud/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [F](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/F/) / fraud

# fraud

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Fraud, crime, person, He, prize email, magician · **What happens:** be, trick, get, pretend, go, steal · **To what, where:** crime, people, money, person, someone, trick · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«fraud» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [fraud in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/fraud.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fraud is the crime of tricking people to get money or things dishonestly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fraud:m1:1
# text = Fraud is the crime of tricking people to get money or things dishonestly.
1	Fraud	fraud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	crime	crime	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	tricking	trick	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
7	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
10	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
13	dishonestly	dishonestly	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Fraud | the crime |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **trick** | gerund | the crime *not said here* | people |  |  |  |  | vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient |
| 3 | **get** | to-infinitive | the crime *not said here* | money or things |  |  |  | dishonestly *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer money=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fraud is a person who pretends to be someone or something they are not.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fraud:m2:1
# text = A fraud is a person who pretends to be someone or something they are not.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fraud	fraud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	pretends	pretend	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	cop	_	_
10	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	xcomp	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	conj	_	_
13	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a fraud | a person |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pretend** | present | a person |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | to-infinitive | a person *not said here* | someone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A fraud is a trick or fake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fraud:m3:1
# text = A fraud is a trick or fake.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fraud	fraud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	trick	trick	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	fake	fake	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a fraud | a trick |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | a fraud *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He went to prison for fraud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fraud:x1:1
# text = He went to prison for fraud.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	prison	prison	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	fraud	fraud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | He |  |  | prison |  | for fraud | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to prison=Initial\_Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The «prize» email was a fraud to steal your password.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fraud:x2:1
# text = The «prize» email was a fraud to steal your password.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	prize	prize	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
5	email	email	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fraud	fraud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	steal	steal	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	acl	_	_
11	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	password	password	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the prize email | a fraud |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **steal** | to-infinitive |  | your password |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location password=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The magician turned out to be a fraud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fraud:x3:1
# text = The magician turned out to be a fraud.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	magician	magician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	cop	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	fraud	fraud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn out** | past | the magician |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | to-infinitive | the magician *not said here* | a fraud |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never share your bank details; it could lead to fraud.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fraud:x4:1
# text = Never share your bank details; it could lead to fraud.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	share	share	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	bank	bank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	details	detail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	lead	lead	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	fraud	fraud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **share** | imperative | you *not said here* | your bank details |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **lead** | could | it |  |  |  |  | to fraud | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition to fraud=Patient |
| 3 | **detail** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom detail «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Credit card fraud is a big problem.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fraud:x5:1
# text = Credit card fraud is a big problem.
1	Credit	credit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	fraud	fraud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | card fraud | a big problem |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They reported the fraud to the police.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fraud:x6:1
# text = They reported the fraud to the police.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	reported	report	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	fraud	fraud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **report** | past | They | the fraud | the police |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent fraud=Topic to police=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She told the King the fraud which the witch and her daughter had practised upon him, and he had them both tried, and sentence was pronounced against them.

<!-- fold The tree, 28 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:fraud:x7:1
# text = She told the King the fraud which the witch and her daughter had practised upon him, and he had them both tried, and sentence was pronounced against them.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	iobj	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	fraud	fraud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	obj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	witch	witch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
13	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	practised	practise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl:relcl	_	_
15	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
21	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	both	both	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
23	tried	try	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
26	sentence	sentence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj:pass	_	_
27	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux:pass	_	_
28	pronounced	pronounce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	conj	_	_
29	against	against	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | She | the fraud | the King |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent king=Recipient fraud=Topic |
| 2 | **practise** | past · perfect · passive |  | the witch and her daughter |  |  |  | upon King | tree rules |
| 3 | **have** | past | King |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **try** | past | witch |  |  |  |  | both *property* | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **pronounce** | past · passive |  | sentence |  |  |  | against witch | vn dub-29.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [frantically](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/F/frantically/)
- next →: [fraudulent](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/F/fraudulent/)
- ↑ back to [F in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/F/)