---
title: french — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «french» in the school dictionary: French is the language of France; it is also spoken in Canada (Quebec), Belgium, Switzerland and many countries in Africa. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# french

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** French, language, 14 pupils, She, French lesson, many pupils · **What happens:** be, speak, mean, learn, read, have · **To what, where:** language, Canada, France, people, French, 3 French books · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«french» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [french in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/french.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
French is the language of France; it is also spoken in Canada (Quebec), Belgium, Switzerland and many countries in Africa.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:french:m1:1
# text = French is the language of France; it is also spoken in Canada (Quebec), Belgium, Switzerland and many countries in Africa.
1	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
10	also	also	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Canada	Canada	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
14	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	Quebec	Quebec	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	Belgium	Belgium	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	Switzerland	Switzerland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
22	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Africa	Africa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | French | the language |  |  |  | of France | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · passive | the language *not said here* | language |  | Canada and Belgium and Switzerland and many countries |  | in Africa | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
French means from France.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:french:m2:1
# text = French means from France.
1	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | French |  |  | France |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
French bread, a French town.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:french:m2e:1
# text = French bread, a French town.
1	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The French are the people of France.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:french:m3:1
# text = The French are the people of France.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the French | the people |  |  |  | of France | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
14 pupils learn French.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:french:x1:1
# text = 14 pupils learn French.
1	14	14	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	learn	learn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | present | 14 pupils | French |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent french=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She read 3 French books.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:french:x2:1
# text = She read 3 French books.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	read	read	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
4	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **read** | past | She | 3 French books |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent book=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The French lesson is 45 minutes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:french:x3:1
# text = The French lesson is 45 minutes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	45	45	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	minutes	minute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the French lesson | 45 minutes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many pupils learn French or German?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:french:x4:1
# text = How many pupils learn French or German?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	learn	learn	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	German	German	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | present | many pupils | French |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent french=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Bonjour» means hello in French.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:french:x5:1
# text = «Bonjour» means hello in French.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Bonjour	Bonjour	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	hello	hello	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Bonjour | hello |  |  |  | in French | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot hello=Theme in french=Attribute |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Many people in Quebec speak French.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:french:x6:1
# text = Many people in Quebec speak French.
1	Many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Quebec	Quebec	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | Many people in Quebec | French |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We had French toast for breakfast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:french:x7:1
# text = We had French toast for breakfast.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	French	French	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	toast	toast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	breakfast	breakfast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | We | French toast |  |  |  | for breakfast | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toast=Patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Paris is the capital of France, where people speak French.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:french:x8:1
# text = Paris is the capital of France, where people speak French.
1	Paris	Paris	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	capital	capital	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	France	France	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	10	advmod	_	_
9	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
10	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
11	French	French	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Paris | the capital |  |  |  | of France | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | people | French |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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