---
title: freshen — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «freshen» in the school dictionary: To freshen something is to make it cleaner, cooler or newer: «freshen the room». Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# freshen

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** wind, you, me, we, Mum, new coat · **What happens:** freshen, be, freshen up, tidy, get, open · **To what, where:** something, room, yourself, drink, window, me · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«freshen» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [freshen in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/freshen.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To freshen something is to make it cleaner, cooler or newer: «freshen the room».

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshen:m1:1
# text = To freshen something is to make it cleaner, cooler or newer: «freshen the room».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	freshen	freshen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	cleaner	clean	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	cooler	cool	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	conj	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	newer	new	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	freshen	freshen	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	parataxis	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	15	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freshen** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent something=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | clean, make *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **freshen** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | the room |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent room=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To freshen up is to wash quickly and tidy yourself.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshen:m2:1
# text = To freshen up is to wash quickly and tidy yourself.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	freshen	freshen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	wash	wash	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	tidy	tidy	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
10	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freshen up** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | quickly, wash *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **tidy** | infinitive |  | yourself |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: weather — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When the wind freshens, it gets stronger and cooler.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshen:m3:1
# text = When the wind freshens, it gets stronger and cooler.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	freshens	freshen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	gets	get	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	xcomp	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	cooler	cool	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freshen** | present | the wind |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **get** | present | wind |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To freshen a drink is to add more to it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshen:m4:1
# text = To freshen a drink is to add more to it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	freshen	freshen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	drink	drink	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	add	add	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	obj	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freshen** | to-infinitive |  | a drink |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent drink=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | add *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Open the window to freshen the room.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshen:x1:1
# text = Open the window to freshen the room.
1	Open	open	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	freshen	freshen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **open** | imperative | you *not said here* | the window |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location window=Theme |
| 2 | **freshen** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the room |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent room=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Let me freshen up before we go out.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshen:x2:1
# text = Let me freshen up before we go out.
1	Let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	freshen	freshen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	xcomp	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
8	out	out	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **let** | imperative | you *not said here* | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **freshen up** | infinitive | me *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **go out** | present | we |  |  |  |  | out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum bought an air freshener for the car.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshen:x3:1
# text = Mum bought an air freshener for the car.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	freshener	freshener	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **buy** | past | Mum | a air freshener |  |  |  | for the car | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent freshener=Theme for car=Beneficiary |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wind freshened in the afternoon.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshen:x4:1
# text = The wind freshened in the afternoon.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	freshened	freshen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	afternoon	afternoon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freshen** | participle |  | the wind *not said here* |  |  | afternoon |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A new coat of paint freshened the old fence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshen:x5:1
# text = A new coat of paint freshened the old fence.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	paint	paint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	freshened	freshen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freshen** | participle | a new coat of paint *not said here* | the old fence |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent fence=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The waiter freshened our water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshen:x6:1
# text = The waiter freshened our water.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	waiter	waiter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	freshened	freshen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freshen** | participle | the waiter *not said here* | our water |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent water=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By that time the wind had freshened, and it was impossible to put back for him."

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshen:x7:1
# text = By that time the wind had freshened, and it was impossible to put back for him."
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	det	_	_
3	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
6	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	freshened	freshen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	expl	_	_
11	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	impossible	impossible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	parataxis	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	csubj	_	_
15	back	back	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freshen** | past · perfect · passive |  | the wind |  |  | time |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | impossible *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **put back** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | for him *= he* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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