---
title: freshness — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «freshness» in the school dictionary: Freshness is being newly made, picked or caught, so food is not old or stale. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# freshness

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** food, Freshness, It, bread, I, You · **What happens:** make, pick, catch, not be, be, mean · **To what, where:** Freshness, newness, bag, water, strawberries, toothpaste

<!-- .vabout -->
«freshness» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [freshness in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/freshness.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Freshness is being newly made, picked or caught, so food is not old or stale.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshness:m1:1
# text = Freshness is being newly made, picked or caught, so food is not old or stale.
1	Freshness	freshness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
3	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	aux:pass	_	_
4	newly	newly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	picked	pick	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	caught	catch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
12	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	15	advmod	_	_
15	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	stale	stale	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | Freshness |  |  |  | newly *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **pick** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **catch** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **not** **is** | present | food |  |  |  |  | old *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **be** |  | food *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Freshness is also clean, cool, pleasant air or a smell like clean washing or mint.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshness:m2:1
# text = Freshness is also clean, cool, pleasant air or a smell like clean washing or mint.
1	Freshness	freshness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	clean	clean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	cool	cool	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	pleasant	pleasant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	clean	clean	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	washing	washing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
17	mint	mint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Freshness |  |  |  |  | clean *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Freshness *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Freshness can mean newness and originality, like the freshness of a new idea.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshness:m3:1
# text = Freshness can mean newness and originality, like the freshness of a new idea.
1	Freshness	freshness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	newness	newness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	originality	originality	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	freshness	freshness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Freshness | newness and originality and the freshness of a new idea |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent newness=Topic |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It can mean feeling lively and rested, not tired.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshness:m4:1
# text = It can mean feeling lively and rested, not tired.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	feeling	feel	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	lively	lively	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	rested	rest	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
10	tired	tired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **feel** *not said to happen* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | lively *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |
| 3 | **rest** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bread lost its freshness after two days.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshness:x1:1
# text = The bread lost its freshness after two days.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	freshness	freshness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lose** | past | the bread | bread's freshness |  |  | day |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent freshness=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bag is sealed to keep in the freshness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshness:x2:1
# text = The bag is sealed to keep in the freshness.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bag	bag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	sealed	seal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	freshness	freshness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seal** | present · passive |  | the bag |  |  |  |  | vn tape-22.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | the freshness |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent in freshness=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I love the freshness of the air after rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshness:x3:1
# text = I love the freshness of the air after rain.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	love	love	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	freshness	freshness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **love** | present | I | the freshness of the air after rain |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer freshness=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
You can test an egg's freshness by putting it in water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshness:x4:1
# text = You can test an egg's freshness by putting it in water.
1	You	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	test	test	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	egg	egg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	freshness	freshness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
8	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	putting	put	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **test** | can | You | a egg's freshness |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent freshness=Theme |
| 2 | **put** | gerund | You *not said here* | freshness |  | water |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent it=Theme in water=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The freshness of the strawberries made them taste sweet.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshness:x5:1
# text = The freshness of the strawberries made them taste sweet.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	freshness	freshness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	strawberries	strawberry	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	taste	taste	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	sweet	sweet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the freshness of the strawberries | strawberries *= strawberry* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **taste** | infinitive | strawberries *= strawberry* *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sweet *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mint gives the toothpaste a feeling of freshness.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshness:x6:1
# text = Mint gives the toothpaste a feeling of freshness.
1	Mint	mint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	toothpaste	toothpaste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	freshness	freshness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | present | Mint | the toothpaste |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent toothpaste=Recipient feeling=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The judges liked the freshness of her story.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshness:x7:1
# text = The judges liked the freshness of her story.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	judges	judge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	liked	like	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	freshness	freshness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **like** | past | the judges | the freshness of her story |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot freshness=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Morning freshness filled the garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshness:x8:1
# text = Morning freshness filled the garden.
1	Morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	freshness	freshness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	filled	fill	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fill** | past | Morning freshness | the garden |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent garden=Patient |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Everything looked beautiful, in the freshness of early spring.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshness:x9:1
# text = Everything looked beautiful, in the freshness of early spring.
1	Everything	everything	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	2	nsubj	_	_
2	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	beautiful	beautiful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	freshness	freshness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	parataxis	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	early	early	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	spring	spring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | Everything |  |  |  |  | beautiful *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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