---
title: freshwater — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «freshwater» in the school dictionary: Freshwater describes water that is not salty, like the water in most rivers, lakes, ponds and streams. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# freshwater

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Freshwater, water, Freshwater animals, trout, Fresh water, people · **What happens:** describe, not be, live, be, drink, use · **To what, where:** water, freshwater fish, salt, freshwater habitat, Most, ice

<!-- .vabout -->
«freshwater» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [freshwater in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/freshwater.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Freshwater describes water that is not salty, like the water in most rivers, lakes, ponds and streams.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshwater:m1:1
# text = Freshwater describes water that is not salty, like the water in most rivers, lakes, ponds and streams.
1	Freshwater	freshwater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	salty	salty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	14	amod	_	_
14	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	lakes	lake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	ponds	pond	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	streams	stream	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | present | Freshwater | water |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent water=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present | water |  |  |  |  | like the water in most rivers and lakes and ponds and streams; salty *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Freshwater animals and plants live in water that is not salty: a trout is a freshwater fish.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshwater:m2:1
# text = Freshwater animals and plants live in water that is not salty: a trout is a freshwater fish.
1	Freshwater	freshwater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	salty	salty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	trout	trout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
15	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	freshwater	freshwater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | present | Freshwater animals and plants |  |  | water |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in water=Location |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present | water |  |  |  |  | salty *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | a trout | a freshwater fish |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun, written as two words — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fresh water is water without salt that people, animals and plants can drink or use.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshwater:m3:1
# text = Fresh water is water without salt that people, animals and plants can drink or use.
1	Fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	without	without	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	salt	salt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
8	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	_
13	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	drink	drink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	use	use	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Fresh water | water |  |  |  | without salt | tree rules |
| 2 | **drink** | can | people and animals and plants | salt *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent salt=Patient |
| 3 | **use** | infinitive | people and animals and plants *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A pond is a freshwater habitat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshwater:x1:1
# text = A pond is a freshwater habitat.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	freshwater	freshwater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	habitat	habitat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a pond | a freshwater habitat |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Trout and perch are freshwater fish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshwater:x2:1
# text = Trout and perch are freshwater fish.
1	Trout	trout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	perch	perch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	freshwater	freshwater	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Trout and perch | freshwater fish |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Most of the Earth's fresh water is frozen in ice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshwater:x3:1
# text = Most of the Earth's fresh water is frozen in ice.
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	Earth	Earth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	frozen	freeze	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freeze** | present · passive |  | Most of the Earth's fresh water |  | ice |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Result |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We cannot drink sea water, we need fresh water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshwater:x4:1
# text = We cannot drink sea water, we need fresh water.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	drink	drink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
10	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **drink** | can | We | sea water |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient |
| 2 | **need** | present | we | fresh water |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot water=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The freshwater crayfish hides under stones in the stream.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshwater:x5:1
# text = The freshwater crayfish hides under stones in the stream.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	freshwater	freshwater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	crayfish	crayfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	hides	hide	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hide** | present | the freshwater crayfish |  |  | stones |  | in the stream | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent under stone=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lake Superior is one of the biggest freshwater lakes in the world.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshwater:x6:1
# text = Lake Superior is one of the biggest freshwater lakes in the world.
1	Lake	Lake	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	Superior	Superior	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	biggest	big	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
8	freshwater	freshwater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	lakes	lake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	world	world	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Lake | one |  |  |  | of the biggest freshwater lakes in the world | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our class kept tadpoles in a freshwater tank.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshwater:x7:1
# text = Our class kept tadpoles in a freshwater tank.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	tadpoles	tadpole	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	freshwater	freshwater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	tank	tank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | Our class | tadpoles |  | a freshwater tank |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent tadpole=Theme in tank=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Frogs lay their eggs in freshwater ponds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:freshwater:x8:1
# text = Frogs lay their eggs in freshwater ponds.
1	Frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	freshwater	freshwater	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	ponds	pond	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | present | Frogs | Frogs's eggs |  | freshwater ponds |  |  | vn put\_spatial-9.2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent egg=Theme in pond=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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