---
title: friar — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «friar» in the school dictionary: A man who belongs to a Christian religious order, such as the Franciscans or Dominicans, who has promised to live simply and travels among people to preach and help the poor. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/F/friar/)

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# friar

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** man, Franciscans, people, Friar, Franciscan friars, Friars · **What happens:** belong, promise, live, travel, preach, help · **To what, where:** poor, jolly friend, town, brown robes, little, bread

<!-- .vabout -->
«friar» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [friar in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/friar.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A man who belongs to a Christian religious order, such as the Franciscans or Dominicans, who has promised to live simply and travels among people to preach and help the poor.

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:friar:m1:1
# text = A man who belongs to a Christian religious order, such as the Franciscans or Dominicans, who has promised to live simply and travels among people to preach and help the poor.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	belongs	belong	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	Christian	Christian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	religious	religious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	14	case	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Franciscans	Franciscan	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	9	nmod	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	Dominicans	Dominican	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
18	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
19	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	promised	promise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	acl	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	mark	_	_
22	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	xcomp	_	_
23	simply	simply	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	travels	travel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	conj	_	_
26	among	among	ADP	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
27	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	nsubj	_	_
28	to	to	PART	TO	_	29	mark	_	_
29	preach	preach	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	ccomp	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	conj	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **belong** | present | a man |  |  |  |  | to a Christian religious order such the Franciscans or Dominicans | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **promise** *speech: promise* | present · perfect | the Franciscans or Dominicans |  |  |  |  |  | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **live** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the Franciscans or Dominicans *not said here* |  |  |  |  | simply *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **travel** | present | the Franciscans or Dominicans *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **preach** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **help** | infinitive | people *not said here* | the poor |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent poor=Beneficiary |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Used as a title before a name.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:friar:m2:1
# text = Used as a title before a name.
1	Used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	as	as	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	title	title	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | participle |  |  |  |  | before a name | as a title | vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Friar Tuck.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:friar:m2e:1
# text = Friar Tuck.
1	Friar	Friar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	Tuck	Tuck	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Friar Tuck was a jolly friend of Robin Hood.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:friar:x1:1
# text = Friar Tuck was a jolly friend of Robin Hood.
1	Friar	Friar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
2	Tuck	Tuck	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	jolly	jolly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	Robin	Robin	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	Hood	Hood	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Friar | a jolly friend |  |  |  | of Robin Hood | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The friar walked from town to town, preaching.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:friar:x2:1
# text = The friar walked from town to town, preaching.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	friar	friar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	preaching	preach	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | past | the friar |  |  | town |  | to town *result* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme to town=Result |
| 2 | **preach** *speech: other* | gerund | the friar *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn lecture-37.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Franciscan friars wear brown robes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:friar:x3:1
# text = Franciscan friars wear brown robes.
1	Franciscan	franciscan	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	friars	friar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wear	wear	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	brown	brown	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	robes	robe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | present | Franciscan friars | brown robes |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent robe=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Friars promised to live simply and own very little.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:friar:x4:1
# text = Friars promised to live simply and own very little.
1	Friars	friar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	promised	promise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	live	live	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	simply	simply	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	own	own	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
8	very	very	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **promise** *speech: promise* | past | Friars |  |  |  |  |  | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **live** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Friars *not said here* |  |  |  |  | simply *property* | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **own** | present | Friars *not said here* | little |  |  |  |  | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot little=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old friary was where friars once lived.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:friar:x5:1
# text = The old friary was where friars once lived.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	friary	friary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
5	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	8	advmod	_	_
6	friars	friar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
7	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	8	advmod	_	_
8	lived	live	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the old friary |  |  |  |  | live, once *property* | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A friar gave bread to the poor at the gate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:friar:x6:1
# text = A friar gave bread to the poor at the gate.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	friar	friar	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	poor	poor	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obl	_	_
8	at	at	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | a friar | bread | the poor |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent bread=Theme to poor=Recipient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Friar Bacon was defrauded of his labour in producing the Brazen Head in a similar way.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:friar:x7:1
# text = Friar Bacon was defrauded of his labour in producing the Brazen Head in a similar way.
1	Friar	Friar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	Bacon	Bacon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	defrauded	defraud	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	labour	labour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	in	in	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	producing	produce	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	advcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	Brazen	brazen	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	Head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
13	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	similar	similar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **defraud** | past · passive |  | Friar |  |  |  | of Friar's labour | vn cheat-10.6.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Source |
| 2 | **produce** | gerund |  | the Brazen Head |  | a similar way |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Result |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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