---
title: frisian — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «frisian» in the school dictionary: Frisian means from or belonging to Friesland or the Frisian Islands, a region along the North Sea coast in the Netherlands and Germany. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# frisian

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Frisian, Friesian, Frisian Islands, farm, Frisian horse, Old English · **What happens:** mean, belong, be, speak, lie, have · **To what, where:** Friesland, language, closest living language, English, Frisian breed, Frisian · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«frisian» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [frisian in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/frisian.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Frisian means from or belonging to Friesland or the Frisian Islands, a region along the North Sea coast in the Netherlands and Germany.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frisian:m1:1
# text = Frisian means from or belonging to Friesland or the Frisian Islands, a region along the North Sea coast in the Netherlands and Germany.
1	Frisian	frisian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	belonging	belong	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	ccomp	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Friesland	Friesland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	Frisian	Frisian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	Islands	Island	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	region	region	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	appos	_	_
15	along	along	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
17	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	Sea	Sea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
20	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	Netherlands	Netherlands	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	Germany	Germany	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Frisian |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **belong** | gerund |  |  | Friesland or the Frisian Islands |  |  |  | vn attend-107.4-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Frisian is the language spoken there; it is the closest living language to English.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frisian:m2:1
# text = Frisian is the language spoken there; it is the closest living language to English.
1	Frisian	frisian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	closest	close	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	13	amod	_	_
12	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Frisian | the language and the closest living language |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | participle |  | the language and the closest living language *not said here* |  | there |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present | Frisian | the closest living language | English |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Frisian (or Friesian) is also a breed of black-and-white dairy cow, or a black horse breed.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frisian:m3:1
# text = A Frisian (or Friesian) is also a breed of black-and-white dairy cow, or a black horse breed.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
2	Frisian	frisian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	Friesian	Friesian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	5	punct	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	also	also	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	breed	breed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
12	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
17	dairy	dairy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	cow	cow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
22	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
23	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	breed	breed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Friesian | a Frisian breed |  |  |  | of black white dairy cow or a black horse breed | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Frisian is spoken in the north of the Netherlands.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frisian:x1:1
# text = Frisian is spoken in the north of the Netherlands.
1	Frisian	frisian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	north	north	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	Netherlands	Netherlands	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · passive |  | Frisian |  | the north of the Netherlands |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Frisian is the closest language to English.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frisian:x2:1
# text = Frisian is the closest language to English.
1	Frisian	frisian	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	closest	close	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	5	amod	_	_
5	language	language	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Frisian | the closest language | English |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Frisian Islands lie in the North Sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frisian:x3:1
# text = The Frisian Islands lie in the North Sea.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Frisian	frisian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	Islands	Island	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	lie	lie	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	Sea	Sea	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lie** | present | the Frisian Islands |  |  | the North Sea |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in sea=Location |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The farm has a herd of black-and-white Friesian cows.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frisian:x4:1
# text = The farm has a herd of black-and-white Friesian cows.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	farm	farm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
7	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	conj	_	_
12	Friesian	Friesian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	cows	cow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the farm | a herd of black Friesian cows |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent herd=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A Frisian horse is tall, black and shiny.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frisian:x5:1
# text = A Frisian horse is tall, black and shiny.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Frisian	frisian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	black	black	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a Frisian horse |  |  |  |  | tall *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | a Frisian horse *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **be** |  | a Frisian horse *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Old English and Frisian were once very similar.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frisian:x6:1
# text = Old English and Frisian were once very similar.
1	Old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	Frisian	Frisian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	conj	_	_
5	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	once	once	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	8	advmod	_	_
7	very	very	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	similar	similar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Old English and Frisian |  |  |  |  | once, similar *property* | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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