---
title: frogfish — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «frogfish» in the school dictionary: A frogfish is a small, lumpy sea fish that lives in warm oceans, often on coral reefs; it is a kind of anglerfish. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# frogfish

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** frogfish, small lumpy sea fish, It, skin spines, Divers · **What happens:** be, live, walk, use, catch, look · **To what, where:** small lumpy sea fish, warm oceans, kind, sea floor, fins, lure

<!-- .vabout -->
«frogfish» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [frogfish in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/frogfish.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A frogfish is a small, lumpy sea fish that lives in warm oceans, often on coral reefs; it is a kind of anglerfish.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frogfish:m1:1
# text = A frogfish is a small, lumpy sea fish that lives in warm oceans, often on coral reefs; it is a kind of anglerfish.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	frogfish	frogfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	lumpy	lumpy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	fish	fish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	lives	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	warm	warm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	oceans	ocean	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	often	often	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
17	on	on	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	coral	coral	NOUN	NN	_	19	compound	_	_
19	reefs	reef	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	24	punct	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	24	cop	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	anglerfish	anglerfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a frogfish | a small lumpy sea fish and a kind |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | present | a small lumpy sea fish and a kind |  |  | warm oceans |  | on coral reefs | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in ocean=Location |
| 3 | **is a** | present | frogfish | a kind |  |  |  | of anglerfish | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It walks on the sea floor using fins like legs and uses a lure on its head to catch prey.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frogfish:m2:1
# text = It walks on the sea floor using fins like legs and uses a lure on its head to catch prey.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	walks	walk	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	using	use	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
8	fins	fin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	legs	leg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	lure	lure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	on	on	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	catch	catch	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	advcl	_	_
20	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | present | It |  |  | the sea floor |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on floor=Trajectory |
| 2 | **use** | gerund |  | fins |  |  |  | like legs | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fin=Patient |
| 3 | **use** | present |  | a lure |  | lure's head |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lure=Patient |
| 4 | **catch** | to-infinitive |  | prey |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent prey=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The frogfish looked just like a sponge on the reef.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frogfish:x1:1
# text = The frogfish looked just like a sponge on the reef.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	frogfish	frogfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	just	just	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sponge	sponge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	reef	reef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the frogfish |  |  |  |  | like a sponge on the reef | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A frogfish walks along the sea floor on its fins.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frogfish:x2:1
# text = A frogfish walks along the sea floor on its fins.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	frogfish	frogfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	walks	walk	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	along	along	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	floor	floor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	fins	fin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk** | present | a frogfish |  |  | frogfish's fins |  | along the sea floor | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme along floor=Trajectory |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The frogfish wiggled its lure to attract a small fish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frogfish:x3:1
# text = The frogfish wiggled its lure to attract a small fish.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	frogfish	frogfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	wiggled	wiggle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	lure	lure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	attract	attract	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wiggle** | past | the frogfish | frogfish's lure |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lure=Patient |
| 2 | **attract** | to-infinitive | the frogfish *not said here* | a small fish |  |  |  |  | vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Frogfish can change colour to hide.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frogfish:x4:1
# text = Frogfish can change colour to hide.
1	Frogfish	frogfish	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	colour	colour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	hide	hide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | can | Frogfish | colour |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colour=Patient |
| 2 | **hide** | to-infinitive | Frogfish *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The hairy frogfish is covered in skin spines that look like hair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frogfish:x5:1
# text = The hairy frogfish is covered in skin spines that look like hair.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	hairy	hairy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	frogfish	frogfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	covered	cover	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	spines	spine	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	hair	hair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | present · passive |  | the hairy frogfish |  |  |  | in skin spines | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Destination in spine=Theme |
| 2 | **look** | present | skin spines |  |  |  |  | like hair | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Divers struggled to spot the frogfish.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frogfish:x6:1
# text = Divers struggled to spot the frogfish.
1	Divers	diver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	struggled	struggle	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	spot	spot	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	frogfish	frogfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **struggle** | past | Divers |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **spot** | to-infinitive | Divers *not said here* | the frogfish |  |  |  |  | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme frogfish=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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