---
title: froghopper — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «froghopper» in the school dictionary: A small jumping insect whose young live inside a blob of froth on plants, called cuckoo spit; also called a spittlebug. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# froghopper

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**Who acts:** small jumping insect, plants, froghopper, froghopper nymph, Froghoppers, Cuckoo spit · **What happens:** jump, live, call, make, look, have · **To what, where:** blob, cuckoo spit, spittlebug, foam, bit, nothing · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«froghopper» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [froghopper in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/froghopper.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small jumping insect whose young live inside a blob of froth on plants, called cuckoo spit; also called a spittlebug.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:froghopper:m1:1
# text = A small jumping insect whose young live inside a blob of froth on plants, called cuckoo spit; also called a spittlebug.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	jumping	jump	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	amod	_	_
4	insect	insect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	young	young	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
7	live	live	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	blob	blob	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	froth	froth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	acl	_	_
17	cuckoo	cuckoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	compound	_	_
18	spit	spit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
20	also	also	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
21	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	parataxis	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	spittlebug	spittlebug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **live** | present | a small jumping insect |  |  | a blob of froth on plants |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme inside blob=Location |
| 3 | **call** | participle | plants *not said here* | cuckoo spit |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **call** | participle |  | a spittlebug |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A froghopper can jump much higher than its own body length.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:froghopper:x1:1
# text = A froghopper can jump much higher than its own body length.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	froghopper	froghopper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	jump	jump	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	much	much	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	higher	high	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	advmod	_	_
7	than	than	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
8	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
9	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
10	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	length	length	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **jump** | can | a froghopper |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The foam on the lavender is made by a froghopper nymph.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:froghopper:x2:1
# text = The foam on the lavender is made by a froghopper nymph.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	foam	foam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	lavender	lavender	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	froghopper	froghopper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	nymph	nymph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive | a froghopper nymph | the foam on the lavender |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Froghoppers look a bit like tiny frogs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:froghopper:x3:1
# text = Froghoppers look a bit like tiny frogs.
1	Froghoppers	froghopper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	look	look	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	bit	bit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	like	like	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	tiny	tiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present | Froghoppers | a bit |  |  |  | like tiny frogs | vn seem-109-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bit=Attribute |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cuckoo spit has nothing to do with cuckoos — it's froghoppers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:froghopper:x4:1
# text = Cuckoo spit has nothing to do with cuckoos — it's froghoppers.
1	Cuckoo	cuckoo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	spit	spit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	cuckoos	cuckoo	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
9	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	's	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	froghoppers	froghopper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Cuckoo spit | nothing |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Patient |
| 2 | **do** | to-infinitive | Cuckoo spit *not said here* | nothing *not said here* |  |  |  | with cuckoos | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present | spit | froghoppers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We found a froghopper hiding in the bubbles.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:froghopper:x5:1
# text = We found a froghopper hiding in the bubbles.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	froghopper	froghopper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	hiding	hide	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	acl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bubbles	bubble	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | We | a froghopper |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent froghopper=Topic |
| 2 | **hide** | gerund | a froghopper *not said here* |  |  | the bubbles |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in bubble=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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