---
title: frostbite — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «frostbite» in the school dictionary: Frostbite is an injury to the skin and the body under it caused by very cold weather, usually on the fingers, toes, nose and ears. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# frostbite

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**Who acts:** Frostbite, you, climber, cheeks · **What happens:** be, cause, wear, not get, get, hit · **To what, where:** injury, gloves, frostbite, toes, fingers, frostbitten skin

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«frostbite» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [frostbite in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/frostbite.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Frostbite is an injury to the skin and the body under it caused by very cold weather, usually on the fingers, toes, nose and ears.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frostbite:m1:1
# text = Frostbite is an injury to the skin and the body under it caused by very cold weather, usually on the fingers, toes, nose and ears.
1	Frostbite	frostbite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
11	under	under	ADP	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
14	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	very	very	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
20	on	on	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	fingers	finger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	toes	toe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
28	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Frostbite | a injury and the fingers and toes and nose and ears |  |  |  | to the skin and the body | tree rules |
| 2 | **cause** | past | Frostbite |  |  |  |  | by cold weather | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wear gloves so you don't get frostbite.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frostbite:x1:1
# text = Wear gloves so you don't get frostbite.
1	Wear	wear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	gloves	glove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
5	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
7	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
8	frostbite	frostbite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wear** | imperative | you *not said here* | gloves |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent glove=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **get** | present · do-support | you | frostbite |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer frostbite=Stimulus |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The climber got frostbite on his toes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frostbite:x2:1
# text = The climber got frostbite on his toes.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	climber	climber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	frostbite	frostbite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	toes	toe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | the climber | frostbite |  | climber's toes |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent frostbite=Theme on toe=Source |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Frostbite usually hits fingers, toes, ears and the nose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frostbite:x3:1
# text = Frostbite usually hits fingers, toes, ears and the nose.
1	Frostbite	frostbite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	hits	hit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	fingers	finger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	toes	toe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	ears	ear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hit** | present | Frostbite | fingers and toes and ears and the nose |  |  |  | usually *property* | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme finger=Co-Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her cheeks were white and numb from frostbite.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frostbite:x4:1
# text = Her cheeks were white and numb from frostbite.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	cheeks	cheek	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	white	white	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	numb	numb	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	frostbite	frostbite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | Her cheeks |  |  | frostbite |  | white *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Her cheeks *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't rub frostbitten skin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frostbite:x5:1
# text = Don't rub frostbitten skin.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	rub	rub	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	frostbitten	frostbite	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	amod	_	_
5	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **rub** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | frostbitten skin |  |  |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent skin=Theme |
| 2 | **frostbite** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Come inside before you get frostbite.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:frostbite:x6:1
# text = Come inside before you get frostbite.
1	Come	come	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	inside	inside	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
4	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
6	frostbite	frostbite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | inside *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **get** | present | you | frostbite |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer frostbite=Stimulus |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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